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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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u,walmente hay guias disponibles de 10s gobiernos<br />

nacionales 0 agencias financieras internacionales.<br />

Es importante mantener la <strong>com</strong>parabilidad entre<br />

!as suposiciones concernientes a ios porcentajes de m-<br />

flaci6n y 10s de descuento. Si se hate un anAlisis en el<br />

cual se omite la inflaci6n de costos y beneficios<br />

futuros, se dcberk omitir tambien la infiaci6n en el<br />

porcentaje de1 descuento (que es frecuentemente el<br />

costo tie1 dkero).<br />

En general:<br />

(l+ r) =(I+ x)X(1+ i)<br />

r = porcentaje de1 descuento (cost0 sopesado<br />

de1 capital en presencia de la inflacibn)<br />

x = costo sopesado de1 capital en ausencia de<br />

la inflacidn<br />

i = porcentaje de la ip_fl_acGn<br />

Una suposici6n de1 10 por ciento de costo sopesado<br />

de1 capital en un ambiente de 6 por ciento de in-<br />

flaci6n implica un 3.8 por ciento (1.10/l .06) := 1.038)<br />

en costo de1 capital en ausencia de la inflacirjn.<br />

Beneficios de1 Proyecto<br />

Los beneficios de la construcci6n de un proyecto<br />

hidroekctrico pequefio pueden derivarse de<br />

numerosas fuentes y abarcan tanto beneficios<br />

monetarios <strong>com</strong>a beneficios no pecuniarios. Los<br />

ejemplos de 10s tipos de beneficios incluyen muchas<br />

k-eas, algunas de las wales son cubiertas m& abajo.<br />

Para poder desarrollar beneficios de1 proyecto, se<br />

necesitara informacidn relativa a la producci6n de<br />

energia desarrollada durante el analisis hidrol6gico.<br />

Este analisis incorpora informaci6n relativa a las tur-<br />

binas y equipos generadores de1 proyecto juntamente<br />

con la hidrologia de la cuenca pluviom&ica para<br />

establecer la capacidad disponible y la producci6n de<br />

la energia anticipada por las opciones de1 desarrollo<br />

en consideraci6n. Con esta informacibn, se podr&<br />

establecer 10s beneficios de1 proyecto.<br />

Los proyectos que reducen el costo ciaramentc<br />

tienen <strong>com</strong>a beneficio la reduccidn de1 costo. El costo<br />

que se reduce puede ser un costo existente, tal <strong>com</strong>a<br />

kerosfk para la iluminaci6n y cocina, 0 un cost0<br />

fu’turo tal <strong>com</strong>a el uso de1 <strong>com</strong>bustible en una irriga-<br />

cidn planeada que deba bombear usando la energia<br />

producida por un motor diesel. Dicho costo future<br />

puede ser tambien una alternativa para el proyecto<br />

hidroekktrico tal <strong>com</strong>a un generador diesel.<br />

Los proyectos que producer1 ingresos generan<br />

fondos por la venta de energia y &to constituye sus<br />

beneficios. Cuando un sistema utilitario establecido<br />

esti experimentando expansi6n y se estkn agregando<br />

where:<br />

r = discount rate (weighted cost of capital in<br />

the presence of inflation)<br />

X = weighted cost of capital in tne absence of<br />

inflation<br />

i = inflaticn rate<br />

An assumption of 10 percent weighted cost of<br />

capital in the environment of a 6 percent inflation<br />

implies a 3.8 percent (1.1011.06 = 1.038) cost of<br />

capital in the absence of inflation.<br />

Project Benefits<br />

The benefits of constructing a small hydroelec-<br />

tric project can stem from numerous sources and<br />

en<strong>com</strong>pass both direct monetary benefits and<br />

non-monetary benefits. Examples of the types of<br />

benefits include many areas, some of which are<br />

discussed below.<br />

In order to develop project benefits, power pro-<br />

duction information developed during the<br />

hydrologic analysis will be necessary. This<br />

analysis incorporates information on the<br />

project’s turbines and generating equipment<br />

along with the watershed hydrology to astablish<br />

the available capacity and the expected energy<br />

production for the development options being<br />

considered. With this information, project<br />

benefits can be established.<br />

Projects which reduce costs have cost reduc-<br />

tion as a clear benefit. The cost being reduced<br />

can be an existing cost, such as kerosene for<br />

lighting and cooking or a contemplated cost such<br />

as the fuel usage in a planned irrigation pump<br />

powered by a diesel engine. The contemplated<br />

cost can also be an alternative to the hydroelec-<br />

tric project such as a diesel generator.<br />

Projects which produce revenue have the funds<br />

generated by power sales as benefits. When an<br />

established utility system is expanding and pro-<br />

jects are being added to meet load growth, pro-<br />

ject benefits can be established under existing<br />

rate schedules. Note that, in many cases, this<br />

problem is treated as one of simply choosing the<br />

cheapest method of meeting load growth without<br />

explicitly considering the project’s economic<br />

desirability.<br />

The problem of estimating project benefits for<br />

a decentralized small hydro project serving a new<br />

load is considerably more <strong>com</strong>plicated. Frequent-<br />

ly, the benefits of introducing a new electricity<br />

supply are approached based on the willingness<br />

of purchasers to pay for the power. The will-<br />

104

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