Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

la production total se hate en base a centrales
t&rkas y solo el24% proviene de 10s recursos
hidraulicos.
“El mercado electrico de1 pais, es fundamental-
mente de carater residential, except0 las ciudades de
Quito y Guayaquil en las cuales se registra un alto
porcentaje de consumo industrial. Esas dos ciudades
consumen el64% de la energfa total gencrada.“l
Para el proximo quinquenio se ha fijado coma ob
jeiivo la inversion de la estructura de production
electrica de modo que la generation t&mica sirva de
complemento a la hidraulica. De todas maneras,
tenemos que constatar 1.2 marginalidad en que se
mantiene al sector rural puesto que en 10s dos
grandes centros urbanos: Quito y Guayaquil se con-
sume el64% de la Energia total generada, el36%
restante se distribuye casi en su totalidad en las
otras ciudades quedando la areas rurales sin
posibilidad de aervicio.
Mas adelante, el Plan National de Desarrollo
senala que tiene coma uno de sus objetivos el de
“beneficiar con el servicio electrico a 700,000
habitantes de1 area rural, al tkrmino de la primera
etapa de1 programa de electrification rural.“2 El pro-
grama de electrification rural consiste en la in-
stalacion de pequenas centrales, subestaciones, lineas
de transmision y distribution.
“Una caracten’stica de la mayor parte de las com-
unidades rurales ecuatorianas, es la dispersion
geogrkfica que impide su integration al Sistema Na-
cional Interconectado, acentuando adn m&s la
marginalidad. Es evidente, por lo tanto, que en mar-
co de1 desarrcllo arnbmico de las zonas marginadas,
se deben buscar soluciones locales para ia provision
de energia. Una de estas soluciones concordantes con
la morfologia y la potencialidad hidraulica de nuestro
pafs es la in&ala&n de generadores hidroelectricos
que utilicen 10s grandes desniveles de nuestros recur-
SOS de agua en montana (en la Sierra y en las zonas
pedemontanas de la Costa y el Briente) y de 10s
grandes caudales en llanura.“3
En el Plan Maestro de Electrification se plantean
las bases de una politica de electrification rural,
cuyos puntos fundamentales son:
i) el use de recursos renovables coma parte de 10s
planes de desarrollo rural integral;
ii) ineorporacion al servicio electrico de 2,OOO.OOO
de habitantes en general, de 10s cuales 700.00
corresponden al area rural;
iii) desarrollo de programas e generacidn
hidroelectrica complementarios al Sistema Na-
generation and only 24% comes from
hydraulic resources.
“The electrical market of the country is mainly
of a residential character with the exception of
Quito and Guayaquil where there is a high in-
cidence of industrial use. These two cities con-
sume 64% of the total energy generated.“1
For the next five year period, an objective has
been set to reverse the slructure of electrical
power generation so that thermal generation sup-
plements hydropower. In any case, we need to
admit that the rural sector is kept marginally
developed since the two main urban centers,
Quito and Guayaquil, consume 64% of the total
energy generated. The remaining 36% is
distributed almost in its entirety to the other
towns. The rural areas are left without service.
The National Development Plan also indicates
that one of its objectives is to “bring electrifica-
tion to 700,000 inhabitants in the rural areas by
the end of the first stage of the rural electrifica-
t ion program”.2 The rural electrification program
consists of the installation of small powerplants,
substations, transmissicn and distribution lines.
“A characteristic of the majority of the rural
communities in Ecuador is that they are
geographically spread in such a way as to pre-
vent their integration into the National Intercon-
nected System. This accentuates their marginali-
ty even more. Therefore, it is evident that within
the framework for harmonious development of
these marginal zones there is a need to seek
local solutions to provide the needed energy. One
such solution that is in line with the morphology
and hydraulic potential of this country is the in-
stallation of hydropower plants to utilize the
great elevation differences of our mountain water
resources (in the sierras and in the foothills of
the coast and in the east) and the great rivers in
the plains.“3
The bases for a rural electrification policy are
established in the Master Plan for Rural Elec-
trification. Fundamental points are:
i) the use of renewable resources as part of
the integral rural development plans;
ii) provision of electrical service to a popula-
tion of 2,000,000, of which 700,000 in-
habitants are in the rural areas;
iii) development of hydropower generation
programs to supplement the National Inter’-
connected System with hydropower plants
of lesser installed capacity.
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