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Los Desripkdores consisten en un profundi-<br />

zaci6n de la Solera de1 canal de aproximada-<br />

mente 50 cm. x 50 cm. con 1un talud de entrada<br />

de 1:l a 1:2 y una <strong>com</strong>puerta de purga (ver<br />

esquema Bocatoma cork. A-A).<br />

Los Desarenadores e&n indkados en 10s<br />

disefios tipicos que se refieren a Desarenadores<br />

<strong>com</strong>pletes.<br />

Se debe tener en cuenta qw, para una buena<br />

decantaci6n de material de 0.3 mm., la<br />

velocidad de1 agua no debe ser mayor de 20<br />

cm/s.<br />

T $0~ Desarenadores Preliminares 6 Auxiliares<br />

pueden ser de tamar?o menor, se@n las<br />

posibilidades de1 terreno hasta para decantar<br />

&Jo material de 0.75 mm., sin embargo, la<br />

velocidad de1 Gagua no debe ser superior a 10s 35<br />

cm/s.<br />

Cuando ei terreno es plan0 y permite con-<br />

struir un Desarenador - ancho, sin mayor costo,<br />

conviene siempre construir un Desarenador<br />

m&s an&o y corto disminuyendo asi la velocidad<br />

de1 aqua.<br />

En la tabla siguiente se indican las medidas<br />

principales de Desarenadores, <strong>com</strong>pletes y<br />

preliminares para diferentes condiciones de<br />

terreno.<br />

9. Para eliminar la erosi6n profunda al pie de1<br />

Barraje (aguas abajo), y cuando no se puede<br />

llevar 10s cimientos de1 Barraje a terreno firme<br />

e impermeable es muchas veces conveniente<br />

construir una Cont~asolera a poca distancia de1<br />

Barraje, creando asi un Colch6n de Agua entre<br />

Barraje y Contrasolera de unos 30-80 cm. de<br />

profundidad. El fondo de este Colch6r de Agua<br />

- puede quedar sin revestimientos, si contiene<br />

pledras grandes - que resisten la erosi6n y si no<br />

hay filtraciones muy fuertes debajo de la<br />

Contrasolera.<br />

Cenales de Conduccih<br />

Se indican diferentes secciones de canales<br />

revestidos con concrete, con pendiente de 1%. Es<br />

conveniente considerar tambien otros tipos de secci6n,<br />

revestidos 6 sin revestir, y con diferentes pendientes.<br />

Se agrega al plano un perfil hidraulicamenk<br />

mas favorable, con inclinacidn de las paredes de 2:l.<br />

Aumentando la pendiente de1 canal de 1% a 2.5% se<br />

aumenta la capacidad de1 canal en un 60%, pudien-<br />

canal<br />

Depending on the local conditions, in the<br />

river as well as in the area of the canal and<br />

the turbine, the removal of sand should be<br />

done at the intake and the forebay in one<br />

of the following <strong>com</strong>binations:<br />

1. Preliminary removal of sand or larger<br />

debris at intake and <strong>com</strong>plete removal at<br />

the foreLay.<br />

2. Complete removal of sand at intake and<br />

a back-up removal at the forebay.<br />

The sand trap for preliminary removal of<br />

sand and debris consists of a deepening of<br />

the intake area to approximately 50 cm. x<br />

50 cm. just in front of the trash rack, with<br />

an upstream slope of 1:l to I:2 and a gate<br />

to permit flushing of the sand trap (See In-<br />

take drawing, A-A view). We have to keep in<br />

mind that, for good sedimentation of<br />

material of 0.3 mm, the speed of the water<br />

should not be higher than 20 cm/s. The<br />

prelir,linary or auxilliary sand traps may be<br />

smaller in size, depending on the suitability<br />

of the terrain for sedimentation of material<br />

up to 0.75 mm. However, the speed of the<br />

water should not be above 35 cm/s.<br />

When the terrain is flat and permits the<br />

construction of a wide sand trap without<br />

major cost, it is always convenient to build<br />

a wider and shorter sand trap to decreasing<br />

the speed of the water. The following table<br />

shows the measurements of the sand<br />

traps, for both preliminary and <strong>com</strong>plete<br />

sand removal, to suit different site condi-<br />

9. To prevent deep erosion at the foot of the<br />

dam (down stream) and when its founda-<br />

tion cannot be carried to firm and im-<br />

permeable terrain, it is frequently conve-<br />

nient to construct a low wall a short<br />

distance downstream from the dam, suffi-<br />

cient to create a waterbed between the<br />

dam and this wall of 30 to 80 cm in depth.<br />

The bottom of this waterbed may be left<br />

without lining, if it contains big rocks to<br />

protect against erosion and if there is no<br />

strong seepage under the low wall.<br />

dose asi en muchos cases, disminuir la secci6n de1 Different rectangular and trapezoidal canal<br />

canal y reducir 10s costos. En otros cases, especial- sections lined with concrete, with a slope of one<br />

mente en terreno rocos, puede convenir dejar el per thousand, are shown below. Other sections<br />

149<br />

tions.

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