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Criterios de Disefio<br />

Tomas y Desarenadores<br />

Su disefio depende de 10s siguientes par&metros:<br />

1. Ubicacidn en el curso de1 rio (en recta o curva)<br />

2. Configuraci6n de1 terreno (pendiente de1<br />

cauceltio; ancho de1 valle, etc.)<br />

3. Caudal por derivarse y gngulo de de&o.<br />

4. Regimen de rio (caudales mkimos y minimos)<br />

en relaci6n alcaudal por captarse.<br />

5. Acarreo de material (cantidad, frecuencia y<br />

tamaiio de pedrones acarreados, cuerpos<br />

flotantes, acarreo de fondo y en suspensi6n)<br />

Por ia gran variedad de estos par&metros no es<br />

conveniente disefiar una “Toma Estandarizada,”<br />

sino sdlamente U-I esquema b&&o, <strong>com</strong>plementado<br />

por indicaciones para cada parte integrante de la<br />

Toma Esquem&ica.<br />

(El disefio tipico de OPTA, desarrollado de un<br />

plano de1 Ing. No&i, por ejemplo, es apropiado para<br />

un tie de poco acarreo de fondo, sin bloques<br />

grandes, de un caudal pequeAo o mediano, sin<br />

avenidas fuentes. Para otros casts, se necesitan<br />

disefios diferentes)<br />

Las partes integrantes de la Toma son:<br />

1. Barraje <strong>com</strong>plete o partial, fijo o temporal y<br />

renovable.<br />

2. Descarga de Fondo<br />

3. Solera de Captaci6n.<br />

4. Antectimara (zona de decantacibn) aguas arriba<br />

de la <strong>com</strong>puerta de descarga de fondo y de la<br />

Solera de Captaci6n.<br />

5. Reja de Admisi6n.<br />

6. Compuerta de Control de Admisik<br />

7. Canal de Conduccidn al Desarenador.<br />

8. Vertederos Aliviadores.<br />

9. Desarenador o Desripiador.<br />

10. ColchSn de Agua o Contrasolera (eventual)<br />

Para el diseiio de estas partes se indican las<br />

siguientes reglas, vhlidas para la mayoria de 10s rios<br />

peruanos especialmente en la regidn de la Sierra:<br />

1. El Burruje partial se aplica en ties anchos y<br />

caudalosos cuando se deriva ~610 una fraccidn<br />

de su caudal.<br />

Cuando el rio es ancho y su caudal de estiaje<br />

no muy superior al caudal de derivacibn, se<br />

puede erigir un barraje temporal en cada tem-<br />

porada de estiaje, de piedras, maderas y/o<br />

“Champa,” para <strong>com</strong>pletar el Barraje en esa<br />

temporada. En todos 10s dem& cases y cuando<br />

146<br />

Design Criteria<br />

Intake Structure and Sand Traps<br />

The design for th6 intake and sand trap<br />

depends on the following parameters:<br />

1. Placement on the stream (on a straight<br />

stretch or on a bend)<br />

2. Configuration of the terrain (slope of the<br />

channel or river basin; width of the valley,<br />

etc.)<br />

3. Amount of the flow to be used and the angle<br />

of diversion.<br />

4. Maximum and minimum river flows in rela-<br />

tionship to the amount of water to be used.<br />

5. Material carried (amount, size and frequency<br />

of rocks transported, floating debris, silt car-<br />

ried and material in suspension).<br />

Due to the great variability of these parameters<br />

it is not advisable to design a “standard intake”,<br />

but instead to have a basic scheme, sup-<br />

plemented by guidelines for each phase of the<br />

scheme intake. For example, the typical design<br />

OPTA developed from the designs by Eng. Nosaki<br />

is appropriate for a river with a small amount of<br />

sediment, without big rocks, with low to medium<br />

amounts of water, and without strong currents. In<br />

other cases, different designs are needed.<br />

The integral parts of the intake structure are:<br />

1. Complete or partial diversion dam, fixed or<br />

temporary and renewable.<br />

2. River bottom discharge<br />

3. Intake<br />

4. Antechamber (sedimentation zone)<br />

upstream from the intake<br />

5. Trash rack<br />

6. Sluice gate<br />

7. Canal<br />

8. Spillways<br />

9. Sand trap<br />

10. Waterbed<br />

For the design of these parts, the following<br />

rules of thumb are indicated. They are valid for<br />

the majority of the Peruvian rivers, especially<br />

those in mountain regions:<br />

1. A partial diversion dam is used in wide<br />

rivers with high flow when only a fraction<br />

of the flow is being diverted. When the river<br />

is wide and its low level is not greater than<br />

the diverted flow, a temporary dam can be<br />

built every low season with rocks, logs

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