Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com
Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com
Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com
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Una vez conocidos Ins valorec CP, y CP2,<br />
se deduce que la alternativa de menor costo<br />
promedio de la energia, sera la m&s cowe-<br />
niente.<br />
7. Production Agropecuaria de las locxiidades (si<br />
est& disponible).<br />
8. Colaboracion e inter& de 10s pobladores.<br />
Proyeccih de: la Demanda de Potencia y de1<br />
Consume de Energia<br />
Para determinar la potencia a instalarse en una<br />
minicentral y 10s calibres de las lineas de sub-<br />
transmision y redes de distribueion, es necesario<br />
estimarla maxima demanda proyectada en un<br />
horizonte de planeamiento, de las localidades<br />
ubicadas tin el area de influencia de1 Pequeno<br />
Sistema E Iectrico.<br />
La proyeccibn de la maxima demanda de potencia,<br />
ano a afio, permite determlnar ias etapas y opor-<br />
tunidad de equipamiento de las instalaciones tanto<br />
para la central, lineas y redes da distribution. El<br />
equipamiento por etapas permite reducir 10s costos<br />
de la energia. En el case de las minicentrales, el<br />
equipamiento por etapas para centrales menores de<br />
200 kW no parer,e ser una solucidn practica, debido<br />
a lo reducido de esta potencia. Sin embargo, en cen-<br />
trales de potencias mayores, es conveniente<br />
consttir en dos etapas, si es Mcnicamente viable de<br />
acuerdo a las condiciones particulares de las obras.<br />
En el case de Hneas y redes, es conveniente con-<br />
sttirlas monofasicas en prirnera etapa y trifasicas<br />
posteriormente, siempre y cuando el balance por<br />
fases y 10s limites de caida de tensi6n lo permitan.<br />
Asiniismo, es necesario estimar la proyeccion<br />
anual de1 consumo y perdidas de energia para deter-<br />
minal las condiciones economico financieras de cada<br />
proyecto, con el objeto de evaluarlos y seleccionar<br />
10s m&s a trayentes en una lista priorizada de 10s<br />
mismos.<br />
M&odo de proyeccibn de la demanda de poten-<br />
cia y de1 consume de energia. En la pr&tica se<br />
usan dos metodos para estimar la proyeccidn anual<br />
de la demanda y de la energia, estos metodos son<br />
utilization de curvas de correlation a base de<br />
estadM5x.s y procesamiento de encuestas de campo.<br />
Debido a la magnitud de1 problema (gran numero<br />
de poblaciones) y al nivel de estudio de1 mercado re-<br />
querido en la fase de planeamiento, y no obstante no<br />
contar con estadistica suficiente, se ha optado por<br />
seguir el metodo de curvas de correlation, revisando<br />
10s resultados para verificar que se encuentren en<br />
7. Agricultural and livestock production of the<br />
<strong>com</strong>munities (when available)<br />
8. Cooperation and interest on the p?rt of the<br />
<strong>com</strong>munity members.<br />
Projection of Energy Demand<br />
and Consumption<br />
To determine the capacity to be installed at a<br />
ministation and the size of the subtransmission<br />
lines and the distribution grid, it is necessary to<br />
estimate the maximum projected demand, at a<br />
planning level, of the localities situated in the<br />
area of influence of the small electric system.<br />
The maximum projected energy demand, year<br />
after year, permits one to determine the stages<br />
and opportunities to obtain equipment for the in-<br />
stallations, powerhouse, lines and distribution<br />
grid. Obtaining equipment in stages permits a<br />
reduction in energy cost. In the case of the<br />
ministations, buying equipment in stages for sta-<br />
tions of less than 200 kW does not seem to be a<br />
practical solution, in view of the small output of<br />
,the station. However, when the capacity is<br />
higher, it is convenient to build in two stages,<br />
when technically feasible depending on the par-<br />
ticular project.<br />
When it is possible, distribution lines should<br />
use single phase construction. For larger loads,<br />
the voltage drop be<strong>com</strong>es excessive and three<br />
phase construction should be used.<br />
In a similar way, it is necessary to estimate the<br />
projected annual use and energy losses to deter-<br />
mine the economic-financial conditions of each<br />
project for the purpose of evaluation and selec-<br />
tion of the most attractive ones to include in a<br />
prioritized list.<br />
Method of projection for power demand and<br />
energy consumption. In practice, two methods<br />
are used for the estimation of power demand and<br />
energy consumption. These methods are a) cor-<br />
relation curves based on statistics and b) pro-<br />
cessing of field surveys.<br />
Due to the magnitude of the problem (great<br />
number of inhabitants) and at the level of the<br />
market survey required in the planning phase,<br />
and though the lack of sufficient statistical data,<br />
we have taken the optron of following the correla-<br />
tion curve method, reviewing the resr!lts to verify<br />
that they are at a power range typical of rural<br />
consumption patterns. With this method average<br />
results are obtained.<br />
300