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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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Una vez conocidos Ins valorec CP, y CP2,<br />

se deduce que la alternativa de menor costo<br />

promedio de la energia, sera la m&s cowe-<br />

niente.<br />

7. Production Agropecuaria de las locxiidades (si<br />

est& disponible).<br />

8. Colaboracion e inter& de 10s pobladores.<br />

Proyeccih de: la Demanda de Potencia y de1<br />

Consume de Energia<br />

Para determinar la potencia a instalarse en una<br />

minicentral y 10s calibres de las lineas de sub-<br />

transmision y redes de distribueion, es necesario<br />

estimarla maxima demanda proyectada en un<br />

horizonte de planeamiento, de las localidades<br />

ubicadas tin el area de influencia de1 Pequeno<br />

Sistema E Iectrico.<br />

La proyeccibn de la maxima demanda de potencia,<br />

ano a afio, permite determlnar ias etapas y opor-<br />

tunidad de equipamiento de las instalaciones tanto<br />

para la central, lineas y redes da distribution. El<br />

equipamiento por etapas permite reducir 10s costos<br />

de la energia. En el case de las minicentrales, el<br />

equipamiento por etapas para centrales menores de<br />

200 kW no parer,e ser una solucidn practica, debido<br />

a lo reducido de esta potencia. Sin embargo, en cen-<br />

trales de potencias mayores, es conveniente<br />

consttir en dos etapas, si es Mcnicamente viable de<br />

acuerdo a las condiciones particulares de las obras.<br />

En el case de Hneas y redes, es conveniente con-<br />

sttirlas monofasicas en prirnera etapa y trifasicas<br />

posteriormente, siempre y cuando el balance por<br />

fases y 10s limites de caida de tensi6n lo permitan.<br />

Asiniismo, es necesario estimar la proyeccion<br />

anual de1 consumo y perdidas de energia para deter-<br />

minal las condiciones economico financieras de cada<br />

proyecto, con el objeto de evaluarlos y seleccionar<br />

10s m&s a trayentes en una lista priorizada de 10s<br />

mismos.<br />

M&odo de proyeccibn de la demanda de poten-<br />

cia y de1 consume de energia. En la pr&tica se<br />

usan dos metodos para estimar la proyeccidn anual<br />

de la demanda y de la energia, estos metodos son<br />

utilization de curvas de correlation a base de<br />

estadM5x.s y procesamiento de encuestas de campo.<br />

Debido a la magnitud de1 problema (gran numero<br />

de poblaciones) y al nivel de estudio de1 mercado re-<br />

querido en la fase de planeamiento, y no obstante no<br />

contar con estadistica suficiente, se ha optado por<br />

seguir el metodo de curvas de correlation, revisando<br />

10s resultados para verificar que se encuentren en<br />

7. Agricultural and livestock production of the<br />

<strong>com</strong>munities (when available)<br />

8. Cooperation and interest on the p?rt of the<br />

<strong>com</strong>munity members.<br />

Projection of Energy Demand<br />

and Consumption<br />

To determine the capacity to be installed at a<br />

ministation and the size of the subtransmission<br />

lines and the distribution grid, it is necessary to<br />

estimate the maximum projected demand, at a<br />

planning level, of the localities situated in the<br />

area of influence of the small electric system.<br />

The maximum projected energy demand, year<br />

after year, permits one to determine the stages<br />

and opportunities to obtain equipment for the in-<br />

stallations, powerhouse, lines and distribution<br />

grid. Obtaining equipment in stages permits a<br />

reduction in energy cost. In the case of the<br />

ministations, buying equipment in stages for sta-<br />

tions of less than 200 kW does not seem to be a<br />

practical solution, in view of the small output of<br />

,the station. However, when the capacity is<br />

higher, it is convenient to build in two stages,<br />

when technically feasible depending on the par-<br />

ticular project.<br />

When it is possible, distribution lines should<br />

use single phase construction. For larger loads,<br />

the voltage drop be<strong>com</strong>es excessive and three<br />

phase construction should be used.<br />

In a similar way, it is necessary to estimate the<br />

projected annual use and energy losses to deter-<br />

mine the economic-financial conditions of each<br />

project for the purpose of evaluation and selec-<br />

tion of the most attractive ones to include in a<br />

prioritized list.<br />

Method of projection for power demand and<br />

energy consumption. In practice, two methods<br />

are used for the estimation of power demand and<br />

energy consumption. These methods are a) cor-<br />

relation curves based on statistics and b) pro-<br />

cessing of field surveys.<br />

Due to the magnitude of the problem (great<br />

number of inhabitants) and at the level of the<br />

market survey required in the planning phase,<br />

and though the lack of sufficient statistical data,<br />

we have taken the optron of following the correla-<br />

tion curve method, reviewing the resr!lts to verify<br />

that they are at a power range typical of rural<br />

consumption patterns. With this method average<br />

results are obtained.<br />

300

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