Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

omba de 20 hp = 15 kW operand0 12 horas
por &a, seis meses al aBo. El bombeo para
irrigacidn puede efectuarse alternativamente
por conduccidn mecanica directa utilizando agua
de1 canal de alimentacion, utilizando el
generador simultineamente.)
En este proyecto no se ha intentado substituir la
electricidad utilizada par cocinar porque al presente
no hay disponibles cocinas electricas baratas a alma
enamiento de1 calor y si tal hubiere, el precio de la
electricidad debetia ser considerablemente mas
barato o el costo de la lena y la bosta de vaca con-
siderablemente m&s elevado antes de que se pueda
tornar en una alternativa aceptable. Esto es muy
significativo y a que - coma se ve en la tabla 1 - se
calcula que la cocina representa un 66% de1 consumo
de energia de 10s aldeanos en la India, comparado
con 20% para la agricultura y 7% para las fabricas
(ejemplo, fabrica de ladrillos y alfareria). El elevado
consume para la cocina se debe parcialmente a la
eficiencia extremadamente baja de las estufas
tradicionales.
Para esta villa se plane6 inicialmente un equip0 de
16 kW. Se hicieron 10s siguientes calculos:
Carga 1 kW / ““~~ a1 1 kWhldia
Iluminacion
Molienda de Harina
Extraccidn de
Aceite
Descascaramiento
de Arroz
Agua Domestica
Aserradero
16
3.75
2.25
3
6
4
2.5
4
6
48
22.5
9
9.4
18
22.5
Total 129.4 kWh/dia
Total Generado 384 kWh
Factor de Carga 34%
La carga de irrigation nocturna de 15 kW x 12
horas podria aumentar este factor de carga a 80%.
Este factor elevado de carga reduciria el costo de
este metodo de irrigation a un nivel menor que el
pagado por 10s granjeros en la red de abastecimiento
por la misma cantidad de agua a menor caida (Rs.
3.5/hr por 45 a 55,000 litros por hora).
Estudio de Caso #2 - Nepal
Antecedentes
ITDG suministra asistencia ticnica y soporte finan-
ciero para un programa rural de micro hidro-
For this village an initial set was planned to
give 15 kW. This was calculated as follows:
67
Load
Lighting
Flour Grinding
Oil Expelling
Rice Hulling
Domestic Water
Saw Milling
kW
16
3.75
2.25
3.75
4.5
3.75
hrs3/day / kWqhgiday
’
6 22.5
4 9
2.5 9.4
4 18
6 22.5
Total 129.4 kWhlday
Total Generated 384 kWh
Load Factor 34%
The night time irrigation load of 15 kW x 12
hours could raise this load factor to 80%. This
high load factor would reduce the cost of this
method of irrigation to below the level paid by
farmers on the mains grid for the same quantity
of water at a lower head (Rs 3.51hr for 45 -
55000 litreslhour)
Case Study 2 - Nepal
Background
ITDG is providing technical assistance and
financial support for a rural micro hydro electri-
fication programme in Nepal being implemented
by the United Mission to Nepal (UMN). UMN have
been active in the field of technical assistance
for about 20 years. Nepal, of course, is a country
abounding with small rivers suitable for small
scale hydro power production. It is also
extremely mountainous and rugged with small
dispersed rural communities far from any roads
or electrical grid.
Water power has been in use there for hun-
dreds of years in the form of traditional vertical
axis water wheels, which are used for rice and
corn grinding. More recently, diesel powered
mills have been introduced to drive grain mills,
rice hullers and oil extractors with the obvious
problems of cost and availability of fuel. It was
the owners of these machines who first
approached the UMN workshop and asked for
hydro-powered mill. The engineering works first
produced a Pelton wheel but in that part of the
world Pelton wheels had not proved to be suc-
cessful. Although the price is very reasonable,
there are too many problems with water rights