23.04.2013 Views

Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

dos dkadas para cubrir el vacio dejado por el<br />

petr6leo y la escasez de1 gas, debemos dar impulso a<br />

las otras fuentes de energia tambien, y especialmente<br />

a las renovables, tal <strong>com</strong>a lo es la hidroelectricidad.<br />

La demanda mundial de petr6leo, sin constricciones<br />

politicas, tiene las posibilidad de exceder la capacidad<br />

total de produccidn m&s o menos por 1990, cuando la<br />

capscidad de produccidn baje de slibito a 40 o 50<br />

millones de barriles por dia. Desde luego que hay<br />

incertidumbres, pero esto representa el conocimiento<br />

y juicio <strong>com</strong>binado de, por lo menos algunos de 10s<br />

expertos mundiales mejor informados y con conoci-<br />

miento. La informaci6n supone la construccidn<br />

de plantas nucleares y a <strong>com</strong>bustidn de carb6n al<br />

nivel planeado; el aumento de la eficiencia en el uso<br />

de la energia y en la conservaci6n al punto que la<br />

economia no sufra grandes efectos adversos; que las<br />

otras fuentes de energia han de continuar desar-<br />

roll&dose y que el precio de1 petr6leo ha de alcanzar<br />

a $20 por barril en 1985. En general, ya estamos a<br />

nivel de $30 + y esto podn’a mover hania adelante el<br />

punto de truce de las curvas <strong>com</strong>a por dos o tres<br />

aiios.<br />

Se analizaron intensamente un gran n6mero de<br />

escenarios, per0 esto representa lo que yo creo que<br />

tiene mayor posibilidad de ocurrir. Atin si ocurriera<br />

un receso econ6mico mundial, el punto de truce se<br />

moveria para adelante <strong>com</strong>a diez arias. N6tese que<br />

actualmente estamos usando 60 millones de barriles<br />

de petr6leo por dia, lo cual constituye el tope de la<br />

curva de la demanda de petr6leo. Si no tenemos sufi-<br />

cientes otras fuentes de recursos de energia para<br />

llenar el vacio que se ensancha entre la demanda y el<br />

suministro de1 petr6leo, lo cual podtia ocurrir dentro<br />

de 10 a 15 adios, la situaci6n podtia ser muy seria y<br />

sentitiamos !a amenaza de un caos econ6mico y social<br />

en todo el mundo.<br />

La capacidad fisica para producir petr6leo es 15 a<br />

20% m&s que la demanda presente de petr6leo, prin-<br />

cipalmente por causa de la producci6n adicional que<br />

Saudi Arabia podria abastecer. Esto tiende a dar un<br />

falso sentido de seguridad.<br />

Otro punto adicional: lo expresado anterioymente<br />

representa la situa.ci6n de todo el mundo. Cada uno<br />

de 10s paises que dependen esencialmente de la im-<br />

portacibn de1 petr6leo de OPEC, e&in en posici6n<br />

mucho m& vulnerable. Todos esperamos que 10s<br />

paises de la OPEC mantengan estabilidad politica,<br />

pero ustedes saben de1 riesgo lo mismo que yo.<br />

En 10s E&ados Unidos, dependemos ahora de la<br />

importaci6n de m&s o menos las mitad de nuestro<br />

petr6leo. Cuando tuvimos la escasez de1 3% <strong>com</strong>a<br />

20<br />

The worldwide demand for oil, without political<br />

constraints, is likely to exceed the total produc-<br />

tion capability about 1990, as production<br />

capability drops off rather sharply to 40 or 50<br />

million barrels a day. Of course there are uncer-<br />

tainties, but this represents the <strong>com</strong>bined<br />

knowledge and judgement of some, at least, of<br />

the world’s most informed and knowledgeable<br />

experts. The data assumes construction of<br />

nuclear and coal fired plants at the rate<br />

planned; increase in efficiency in use of energy<br />

and in conservation to the extent that the<br />

economy is not greatly adversely affected; that<br />

other energy sources would continue to be<br />

developed; and that the price of oil would reach<br />

$20 per barrel by 1985. We’re already at the $30 -t<br />

level generally, and this might move the break<br />

point ahead two or three years.<br />

A large number of scenarios were intensively<br />

analyzed, but this represents what I believe is<br />

most likely to occur. Even with worldwide reces-<br />

sion, the break point is only moved ahead about<br />

10 years. Note that we are now using 60 million<br />

barrels of oil per day, which is at the upper edge<br />

of the oil demand curve. Not having enough other<br />

energy resources to fill the widening gap<br />

between demand and supply of oil that is likely<br />

to occur in about 10 to 15 years would be serious<br />

and threaten worldwide econimic and social<br />

chaos.<br />

The physical capability of producing oil is 15 to<br />

20% more than the present oil demand, princi-<br />

pally because of the additional production that<br />

Saudi Arabia could provide. This tends to give a<br />

false sense of security.<br />

One more point - what I have said represents<br />

the overall worldwide situation. Individual coun-<br />

tries which greatly depend upon importing OPEC<br />

oil are in much more vulnerable positions.<br />

Political stability is what we hope for in the<br />

OPEC countries, but you know the risk as well as<br />

I do.<br />

In the United States, we now are dependent<br />

upon importing about half of our oil. When we<br />

had the 3% shortfall resulting from the revolution<br />

in Iran last year, many people in the long gas<br />

lines that developed did not always display<br />

rational behavior. A colleague of mine came up<br />

with a design of a car which he says is<br />

guaranteed to get you to the head of the next<br />

long gas line - that is, until too many others get<br />

the same model. And on a worldwide basis,

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!