Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

stalacion o tipos de turbinas que scan aceptables
alternativas para el desarrollo. El proceso de
establecimiento de ranges ayuda a seleccionar cual es
el proyecto mas aceptable desde el punto de vista
economico de entre el grupo de planes aceptables.
E! ejepxplo pres~~r,f~&-j m&;i &jo ser& -&J pus Idi-
ustrar 10s diversos criterios. Los par&metros de1 pro-
ye&o de! ejemplo son:
1. Capacidad instalada 500 kW
2. pi-oJ-~cci&, all-uaj
de energia 2.45 millones de kWh/aiio
1. Factor de la planta 56 por ciento
4. Costo redondeado
por kW $750
5. Operation y manteni-
miento anual $lE,OOO
6. Costo anticipado
de1 financiamiento 12.5 por ciento
7. Petiodo de
construction 1 an0
8. Periodo de1
financiamiento 15 arias
9. E scalacion (co&o
y valor) 10.0 por ciento
10. Valor initial de
la energia 2.5UkWh
Proporcih de1 Beneficio: Costo (B/C). La pro-
portion G/C, la regla mas comunmente usada en la
decision final, reduce el analisis a una sola cifra con-
sistente que permite que 10s proyectos Sean discer-
nidos y categorizados en rangos.
La proportion de1 beneficio al costo se calcula coma
la proporciom de1 valor actual de 10s beneficios de1
proyecto y el valor presente de1 costo de1 proyecto
original y 10s costos anuales:
n
i Z o Si/(l + k)i
=
n
CC T i f 0 Ci/(l + k)t
donde Bi = aiio de1 beneficio
ci = cost0 durante el airo i
cc = cost0 de1 capital
n = duration de1 proy ecto
z = suma
k = tipo de descuento
The benefit-cost ratio is calculated as the ratio
of the present value of project benefits and the
present value of the project original
nual costs:
n
cost and anz
i=O
Bil(l + k)i
.-
n
CC + i 2 0 Ci/(I + k)’
where:
R = benefit in year
Ci : cost in year i
cc = capital cost
n = project life
z = summation
k = discount rate
The decision rule is to reject projects that have
B/C ratios less than one. Using the example data
presented above, the calculation of the B/C ratio
is illustrated in Table 2. Note that escalation
from year 0 has been accounted for. The ratio of
1.367 indicates a feasible project.
Net Present Value (NPV). The net present va!ue
criterion, like the B/C ratio, incorporates aii of the
pertinent economic data into a consistent one-
figure decision rule that allows projects to be
both screened and ranked.
The general procedure is to determine the pre-
sent value (at the time of the first expenditure) of
the future stream of net benefit flows. The
screening decision criterion is to reject the pro-
ject if the NFV is less than or equa! ?o zero.
Without constraints on the amount of capital
available for the project, the project with the
highest NFV is ranked highest. If capital is con-
strained, as may very possibly be the case, the
project with the highest NFV within the budget
constraint is ranked highest.
n
NFV= 1 (NBil(l + k)i)
i=O
109
where NBi = the net benefits in year i.
For the example presented in Table 2, the NFV
is equal to $207,330 ($77;,;94 - $ii6,864 -
$375,000), a positive value indicating a feasible
project.