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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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).<br />

e<br />

energia que puede ser generada. Sin embargo, en la<br />

forma en que se la calculo originalmente, representa<br />

las condiciones sin almacenamiento. Su uso supone<br />

que la secuencia de las corrientes tienen poca<br />

importancia.<br />

Si es importante que las corrientes no vayan por<br />

debajo de un valor arbitrario pero razonable entonces<br />

es obvio que sera necesario el almacenamiento,<br />

En este case el flujo debajo de1 reservorio tendra<br />

caracten’sticas de duration fluvial <strong>com</strong>a se indica en<br />

la curva regulada de la duration fluvial ilustrada en<br />

la Figura 6.<br />

Tal regulation de1 flujo obviamente contribtia a<br />

hater que el funcionamiento de las turbinas m&s efi-<br />

ciente mediante el almacenamiento a 10s flujos altos<br />

cuando aparezcan, y proveerlos en tiempos cuando<br />

10s flujos fueran normalmente m5s bajos.<br />

En la Figura 6 el volumen de 10s flujos represen-<br />

tados por a, b, c, d debe, ser igual es a 10s de efgcd.<br />

El area sombreada representa el flujo de1 reservorio.<br />

En Mminos pr&cticos, &to significa que si, por<br />

ejemplo, nosotros hubieramos instalado una turbina<br />

con capacidad de flujo igual al nivel f-g, entonces con<br />

!os f!ujos regulados funcionaria 100% de1 tiempo. Con<br />

Porcentaje Excedente<br />

Percent Exceedance<br />

Figura 6. Curva de lhracicin-Fluvia<br />

Regulada y Sinregular<br />

Figure 6. Regulated and Unregulated Flow-<br />

Duration Curve.<br />

52<br />

out. Reservoir operation studies are no more or<br />

less than accounting for water inflows and<br />

outflows, probably under some assumed<br />

operating schedules, to allow for safe flood<br />

passage, energy production, etc. A proper opera-<br />

tion study will consider, where appropriate, reser-<br />

voir volume loss due to sediment accumulation<br />

and water losses due to evaporation.<br />

The information series available will, to a great<br />

extent, control the detail of the analysis. The<br />

availability of <strong>com</strong>puters for calculation will<br />

greatly facilitate the handling of the data and will<br />

permit the investigation of a variety of alternative<br />

schemes.<br />

A means of estimating the reservoir size that<br />

wil be reuqired to satisfy specified flow demand<br />

is Mass Cure Analysis. The details of this basic<br />

procedure, which are surely known to all civil<br />

engineers, will not be described here. However, it<br />

should be noted that there are many variations of<br />

the basic approach, a number of which are<br />

included in an excellent book by McMahon and<br />

Mein (1978).<br />

The flow-duration approach to power and

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