23.04.2013 Views

Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

Puesto que la potencia producida es proportional al<br />

product0 de la tasa de1 flujo de masa y la ctida<br />

podemos hater la siguiente formulaci6n:<br />

(2) Tw = egQH’<br />

(3) Wl = Ul<br />

(4) w2 = U2<br />

Por tanto<br />

(5) H’ =<br />

UlVi COS aJ-UlV2 COS 42<br />

donde H’ es la &da utilizada por el rotor en !a pro<br />

duccion de energia. Hemos de tener cuidado y tener<br />

presente que VI, V2 son cantidades absolutas mien-<br />

tras que III y ug son las velocidades perif&icas a la<br />

entrada y salida, respectivamente. En un marco de<br />

referencia fijo, la velocidad absoiuta x esti rela-<br />

cionada con la suma vectorial de la velocidad relativa<br />

v y la velocidad de un cuerpo que se mueve a<br />

&ocidad u . En una anotaci6n vectorial<br />

@I<br />

JJ= k + !A<br />

Definiremos 10s angulos de y p <strong>com</strong>a, respec-<br />

tivamente, 10s angulos constituidos por las<br />

velocidades absoluta y relativa de un fluid0 con la<br />

velocidad lineal 5 de algun cuerpo. Esto puede verse<br />

en el diagrama que reprodukmos a continuaci6n.<br />

9<br />

where H’ is the head utilized by the rurner in the<br />

production of power. We must be careful to keep<br />

in mind that Vi, V2 are abso!:lte quantities,<br />

whereas ul and u2 are the peripheral speeds at<br />

entrance and exit, respectively. In a fixed frame<br />

of reference the absolute velocity y is related to<br />

the vector sum of the relative velocitvxand the<br />

velocity of a body moving with velocity JJ. In vec-<br />

tor notation<br />

(8) y = g + y<br />

We will define the angles of a and /3 as<br />

respectively the angles made by the absolute and<br />

re!ative velocities of a f!uid with the linear veloci-<br />

ty u of some body. This is illustrated In the<br />

diagram below.<br />

It is obvious from inspection of the figures that<br />

(7)<br />

V3)<br />

V sin a = v sin fi<br />

v cos a = u t v cos /3<br />

The energy equation<br />

is given by<br />

written between two points<br />

(9) (F++ z,+q-(: .,,.g)<br />

= HL +<br />

Figura 2 Tritingulos Tipicos de Velocidad<br />

Figure 2 Typical Velocity Triangles<br />

UlVl cos at-- u2v2 cos a2<br />

Es evidente al estudiar las fig-was que wherein HL represents frictional losses and the<br />

last term on the righ? hand side of the equation<br />

(7) V sin a = v sin /3<br />

represents the head absorbed by the turbine.<br />

follows from Eqs. (7) and (8) that<br />

It<br />

(8) v cos a = u + v cos /3 (10) v2 =: v2 + li2 + 2 vu cos i;<br />

Y

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!