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de la turlina de aparentemente al rededor de 60%,<br />

se consiguio una eficiencia total de cerca de 55% y la<br />

unidad produjo <strong>com</strong>a 1.3 kW. No me gusta con-<br />

siderar esto <strong>com</strong>a una conversion de una bomba a<br />

una turbina, sino m&s bien la colocacion de un anillo<br />

de la paleta de toma y su correspondiente rotor, la<br />

convierte en un encasillado para la bomba. Este es<br />

un ejemplo de lo que se puede conseguir utilizando el<br />

talent0 local para la manufactura con poca ayuda de<br />

otros.<br />

Descripcih de Concepto<br />

Basicamente las turbinas hidraulicas tienen tres<br />

elementos de funcionamiento. DOS de dichos elementos<br />

son usualmente estacionarios mientras el tercero<br />

es rotatorio. Tomando 10s tres en orden:<br />

1. Un sistema de abastecimiento y distribution de<br />

agua. Aqti se recibe el agua bajo la &da<br />

disponible y se la distribuye bajo presion al<br />

Segundo elemento.<br />

2. La Comp?zerta, Boca y otros elemnn+nq b1 ““Y J .A! conversion<br />

de energia donde la presidn (&da x .433<br />

libras) se convierte a velocidad de la energia y se<br />

da una direccidn al flujo (vector primario). La<br />

conversion se hate de acuerdo a la formula<br />

Velocidad = e, donde g (gravitation) =<br />

32.2, c = caida neta cuando la turbina esM funclonando.<br />

&to da por res’~i~&~i) -II- .?I . 1 ia ‘(I v elo~lrl&l 1 ..:.L.*<br />

lineal en pies por Segundo.<br />

3. El tercer element0 es el rotor, o impulsor. Dentro<br />

de esta parte de la turbina, la velocidad de la<br />

energia se reduce tan cerca <strong>com</strong>a sea posible a<br />

cero. La desaceleracion de1 agua de alta<br />

velocidad se consigue mediante el cambio de su<br />

direction dentro de1 rotor de modo que empuje<br />

contra las paletas de1 rotor en movimiento<br />

en su paso a traves de1 elemento. Se<br />

debera agregar quizas que en 10s cubes de una<br />

trubina a impulsos la velocidad de1 chorro de1<br />

agua es el doble de la velocidad de1 cube. Cuando<br />

el cube este en movimiento a velocidad normal<br />

en direccidn opuesta a la de1 chorro de agua,<br />

y cuando la velocidad de rebote sea igual a la<br />

velocidad de entrada, la velocidad actual de1<br />

agua rebotada (relativa ~1 case) tambien resulta<br />

en cero.<br />

Una bomba opera de manera inversa a la turbina<br />

que hemos descrito en el parrafo anterior. Tambien<br />

aqti est5n presentes Ins tres e!ementos de operation.<br />

Y tambien dos son estacionarios y uno es rotatorio,<br />

corn0 sigue.<br />

235<br />

ed 1.3 kW as close as we did the measurements.<br />

I do not like to consider this a conversion of a<br />

pump to a turbine, rather the placing of an inlet<br />

vane ring and matching runner into a pump cas-<br />

ing. This is something that can be done by local<br />

manufacturing talent with little outside help.<br />

Concept Description<br />

Basically, hydraulic turbines have three work-<br />

ing elements. Two of the elements are usually<br />

stationary, while the third rotates. Taking the<br />

three in order:<br />

1. A water supply and distribution system. Here<br />

the water is received under the head<br />

available and is distributed under pressure<br />

to the second element.<br />

2. The gate, nozzle, or other energy conversion<br />

element where the pressure (head x .433<br />

pounds) is converted to velocity energy and<br />

given a direction of flow (primary vector).<br />

Conversion is according to the formula,<br />

Velocity =a, where g = 32.2, where h =<br />

net head available when the turbine is running.<br />

Then Velocity<br />

cond.<br />

is in linear feet per se-<br />

3. The third element is the runner or impeller.<br />

Within this part of the turbine, the velocity<br />

energy i-5 rer-itJcei+ - 2i: -w Piosej\ w. J’ as can be done<br />

to zero. The deceleration of the high velocity<br />

water is ac<strong>com</strong>plished by changing its direction<br />

within the runner so that it is pushing<br />

against the moving blading of the runner in<br />

its path through the element. I should<br />

perhaps add that, in the buckets of an impulse<br />

turine, the velocity of the water jet is<br />

about twice the velocity of the bucket. When<br />

the bucket is at normal speed and moving<br />

away from the jet of water, and when the<br />

velocity of re-bound is equal to the velocity<br />

of entry, the actual velocity of the rebounding<br />

water (relative to the case) also approaches<br />

zero.<br />

A pump works in reverse manner to the turbine<br />

we have described in the paragraph above. Again<br />

the three working elements are present. Again<br />

two are stationary<br />

as follows:<br />

and one rotates and they are<br />

!. A water source with enough Net Positive<br />

Suction l-lead so that flow will continue into<br />

the eye of the runner (or inpeller) as the<br />

water is discharged at the periphery.

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