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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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cional Interconectado, con centrales<br />

hidroel&ricas de menor potencia instalada.<br />

La concordancia de prop6sitos entre el Gobierno<br />

Central e INECEL es evidente, lo cual es muestra de<br />

la voluntad national de mejorar las condiciones de<br />

vida de 10s amplios sectores de la poblaci6n<br />

marginados desde 6pocas inmemoriales.<br />

La Solucih Propuesta<br />

La situacibn descrita en el pkrafo anterior obliga a<br />

rcflexionar sobre las soluciones que deben aportarse<br />

para superar estas condiciones de maginalidad de<br />

esas amplias zonas rurales. Hemos anotado anterior-<br />

mente que uno de 10s problemas que se plantean es el<br />

de la dispcrsi6n geogrkfica de la poblaci6n; otro pro-<br />

blema que debe ser enfrentado es el de la falta de<br />

p’lanes de desarrollo de las <strong>com</strong>unidades. Dada la<br />

g-ran potencialidad hidr&lica de1 Ecuador, y con-<br />

siderando las caracterMkas de nuestros curses de<br />

agua, la soluci6n m&s apta para las condiciones reales<br />

de1 paie es la de aprovechar de manera integral 10s<br />

recursos hid%ulicos, acci6n que en el campo<br />

energktico significa la instalaci6n de centrales hidro-<br />

ekctricas menores.<br />

Como deciamos en la introduccibn, esta solucibn es<br />

de inter& social. Su conveniencia no puede ser<br />

evaluada seen 10s par6metros econdmicos tradi-<br />

cionales sino con mhtodos que tengan en cuenta 10s<br />

imponderables sociales que de1 programa se<br />

desprenden.<br />

Metodologia<br />

Las circunstancias ecuatorianas han determinado<br />

que el programa de micro y mini centrales hidro-<br />

ektricas sea concebido en dos bloques<br />

fundamentales:<br />

0 <strong>Program</strong>a de nuevas ins+Maciones<br />

0 Proyecto de reubicaci6n<br />

La puesta en funcionamiento de1 Sistema <strong>National</strong><br />

In&cone&ado ha dado lugar a que un sinntimero de<br />

instalaciones pequeiias que poveian de energia<br />

ektrica a poblaciones, <strong>com</strong>unidades e industrias,<br />

queden fuera de uso. En muchos cases 10s equipos se<br />

encuentran en buen e&ado y en otros, con ligeras<br />

reparaciones se 10s puede dejar 6ptos para funcionar.<br />

Al mismo tiempo existen puntos de demanda no<br />

satisfecha y que pueden ser abastecidos por estos<br />

equipos en desuso actualmente, razdn pm la cual se<br />

ha previsto la reubicaci6n de 10s mismos.<br />

La metodologia para planificar este bloque de1 pro-<br />

grama difiere muy poco de la qu: hemos adoptado en<br />

el case de las nuwz instalaciones. La tinica etapa<br />

265<br />

Obviously there is agreement between the Cen-<br />

tral Government and INECEL confirming the na-<br />

tional objective to improve the conditions of life<br />

for the vast sectors of the population who have<br />

been left on the margins of development from<br />

time immemorial.<br />

Proposed Solution<br />

The situation described above forces us to<br />

reflect on the options available to over<strong>com</strong>e this<br />

condition of marginality affecting vast rural<br />

zones. As was mentioned before, one of the pro-<br />

blems is the geographic dispersion of the popula-<br />

tion. Another problem to be confronted is the<br />

lack of <strong>com</strong>munity development plans. Taking in-<br />

to consideration the great hydraulic potential of<br />

Ecuador and the characteristics of streams, the<br />

most viable solution is to take advantage of the<br />

hydraulic resources in an integrated manner. In<br />

the area of energy, this translates into the in-<br />

stallation of small hydropower plants.<br />

As we pointed out in the introduction, this<br />

solution is of social interest. To evaluate it, we<br />

cannot use the traditional economic parameters,<br />

but need to utilize modern methods taking into<br />

consideration the qualitative social impacts in-<br />

volved.<br />

Methodology<br />

The Ecuadorian situation determines that the<br />

micro hydropower program be conceived in two<br />

main parts:<br />

l New installations programs<br />

l Relocation projects<br />

With the advent of the <strong>National</strong> Interconnected<br />

System, a great Ilumber of small powerplants<br />

which used to supply energy to villages, <strong>com</strong>-<br />

munities and industry, have gone out of use. In<br />

many cases, the equipment is in good condition,<br />

and in others it may be retrofitted with light<br />

repair. At the same time, there are other places<br />

without electric service. That need could be<br />

satisfied by the use of equipment not in opera-<br />

tion at present. For this reason, relocation pro-<br />

jects are included in the Plan.<br />

The planning for relocation projects differs<br />

very little from the one for new installations. The<br />

only additional stage is the identification of<br />

equipment, evaluation of its operating condition<br />

and matching it with energy demands as well as<br />

the natural characteristics of the candidate sites.<br />

Moreover, the program will be <strong>com</strong>pleted in two<br />

stages: first, a pilot project to acquire ex-

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