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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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longitud total de estos vertederos debe ser, en<br />

lo posible, igual o mayor de 10s siguientes<br />

valores:<br />

Ll = 20 m por cada m31s de1 caudal<br />

por captar.<br />

L2 = 0.50 m. por cada m3;s. de1 caudal de<br />

mkima avenida siendo el nivel de 10s<br />

puentes etc. 5 1.50 encima de la cresta<br />

de 10s vertederos 6:<br />

L3 = 0.20 m. por cada m31s. de1 caudal mkximo,<br />

si el nivel de 10s puentes es 1.2.50 m.<br />

encima de las crestas de Vertederos.<br />

Los Vertederos Aliviadores pueden ubicarse<br />

en 10s siguientes sitios:<br />

- Encima de1 Barraje Principal (1)<br />

- Al borde de la Ante&mara (4)<br />

En la zona de CaptacGn, antes de la reja<br />

(3)<br />

Los Vertederos de esta zona quedar8n todos<br />

al mismo nivel, sumfindose sus longitudes para<br />

llegar al valor deseado.<br />

8. Desripiadores y Desurenadores<br />

Los rios provenientes de la Sierra peruana<br />

traen casi todos acarreo fuertes, tanto de fondo<br />

<strong>com</strong>a en suspensibn, debido a la falta de<br />

vegetaci6n. Por la misma razbn, generalmente<br />

son escasos 10s cuerpos flotantes en estos rios.<br />

Tambien en el curso de 10s canales entran en<br />

muchos cases, cuerpos s6lidos que son arrastrados<br />

por el agua hacia las Gmaras de<br />

carga y a las turbinas si no hay dispositivos de<br />

decantaci6n en esta c&mara.<br />

Para centrales con Turbinas Pelton y<br />

Francis, se re<strong>com</strong>ienda eliminar todos 10s<br />

granos de arena de diametro mayor O-.3 mm, 6<br />

sea 10s que tienen una velocidad de decantaci6n<br />

en aguas tranquilas de 4 cm/s. 6 m&s. Adem&,<br />

debe inhibirse la decantacidn de arena en 10s<br />

canales, eliminando :os granos mayores ya en la<br />

regi6n de la bocatoma.<br />

Se@ las condiciones locales, tanto en el rfo<br />

<strong>com</strong>a en la zona de1 canal y la turbina, se<br />

dispondrkn por consiguiente 10s desarenadores<br />

en Toma y en Taza (Cgmara de Carga) en una<br />

de las <strong>com</strong>binaciones siguientes:<br />

1. Desarenador Preliminar o solamente<br />

Desripiador en la Toma y Desarenador<br />

<strong>com</strong>plete en Taza.<br />

2. Desarenador Completo en Toma y Auxiliar<br />

en Taza.<br />

148<br />

7. To eliminate the excess water during high<br />

water season, spillways are constructed in<br />

the intake area to limit the maximum level<br />

of water so that the level is kept under the<br />

gate manipulatio? bridges and so ac-<br />

cessways and other parts of the installa-<br />

tion which are kept above floods. The total<br />

length of these spillways should be kept to<br />

the extent possible equal to or above the<br />

following values:<br />

L.l = 20 m for each m% of water to be<br />

diverted through the intake.<br />

L.2 = 0.50 m for each ma/s of the max-<br />

imum amount of high water, the level<br />

of the control bridges, etc. being<br />

more than 1.50 m above the crest of<br />

the spillways, or<br />

L.3 = 0.20 m for each ma/s of the max-<br />

imum amount of water, if the level of<br />

the control bridge is more than 2.50<br />

m above the spillway crest.<br />

The spillways may be placed in the<br />

following sites:<br />

- Above the main dam (1)<br />

- At the edge of the antechamber (4)<br />

At the intake area, before the trash rack<br />

- (3)<br />

The spillways in this zrea should all be at<br />

the same level. Their lengths should be ad-<br />

ded to get to the desired valrle.<br />

8. Sand traps<br />

Almost all of the rivers <strong>com</strong>ing down<br />

from the Peruvian Sierras bring heavy<br />

material along the bottom, as well as in<br />

suspension, due to the lack of vegetation.<br />

For the same reason, there is little floating<br />

debris in these rivers. Along the canals<br />

solid materials frequently enter and are car-<br />

ried by the waters toward the load<br />

chambers and to the turbines when there<br />

are no measures taken to prevent sedimen-<br />

tation in these chambers.<br />

For stations using Pelton and Francis<br />

turbines. elimination of all sand grains of<br />

over 0.3 mm is re<strong>com</strong>mended, that is, those<br />

with sedimentation speed in still waters of<br />

4 cm/s or more. Sedimentation sb,luld also<br />

be inhibited at the intake of the canals,<br />

eliminating the bigger grains of sand<br />

already at the intake region.

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