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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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10s voltajes m&s elevados requieren m& material de<br />

aislamiento. Cada transformador va provisto con una<br />

cabina de control y relevo de presi6n stibita. El volta-<br />

je normal para las plantas hidroekctricas mini y pe-<br />

quefias es de 4160 voltios o menos, dependiendo de1<br />

sistema. El cost0 de 10s transformadores se incluyen<br />

con 10s costos de1 patio de distribucibn.<br />

Patio de Distribucidn y otros Equipos<br />

La maniobra y entrega de energia a algunos pun-<br />

tos remotos representan el eslab6n final con la red de<br />

abastecimiento de energia. Aunque a veces no se<br />

toma en cuenta este aspect0 en el planeamiento de<br />

pequefias centrales hidroekctricas, la distancia de<br />

transmisidn de la energia puede ser una restriccidn<br />

ecokmica que puede afectar seriamente la fisibiiidad<br />

de1 proyecto.<br />

Patio de Distribucidn<br />

El patio de distribuci6n <strong>com</strong>prende interruptores<br />

de circuito, llaves de desconeccZn, transformadores,<br />

estructuras, barras colectoras y equipos miscekneos<br />

de la planta de energia. La distribucibn de dichos<br />

equipos debe permitir el movimiento de 10s interrup-<br />

cores de circuit0 y otros equipos mayores en posic%n,<br />

sin ocasionar p&dida de energia en 10s cables y 10s<br />

equipos. Para la instalaci6n de unidades sencillas de<br />

pequefias unidades hidroekctricas, el patio de<br />

distribuci6n ha de ccnsistir en la barra colectora del<br />

generador, el transformador de incremento, la llave<br />

de desconecciGn, un interruptor de1 circuito y una<br />

torre de partida. Se pueden incluir iambi& en el<br />

patio de distribuci6n 10s transformadores de la<br />

estaci6rt, 10s transformadores de1 estimdante y 10s<br />

clibicos para 10s medidores a fin de disminuir el<br />

espacio de piso requerido en la estructura de con-<br />

strucci6n de la planta. Otro arreglo alternativo puede<br />

incltir 10s kkrruptores de1 generador encasillados en<br />

metal (en gabinetes cerrados) ubicados en el patio de<br />

distribuci6n. Un ejemplo tipico de1 disefio de<br />

distribucibn para una planta sencilla se represent-a en<br />

la Fi,gura 10. Se pueden distribuir patios para<br />

unidades multiples de manera similar siempre que se<br />

mantenga la protecci6n ektrica y un medio de<br />

separaci6n entre 10s generadores individuales me-<br />

diante el uso de interruptores de1 generador.<br />

La ubicaci6n de1 patio de distribucidn con relacidn<br />

a la planta depende de la topografia, de las condi-<br />

ciones de1 suelo y de 10s requisitos de espacio. En<br />

cuanto fuere factible geogrkficamcnte, la ubicaci6n<br />

metal-clad (enclosed in cabinets) generator<br />

breakers located in the switchyard. A typical ar-<br />

rangement drawing for a single unit plant is<br />

shown in Figure IO. Multiple unit switchyards<br />

may be similarly arranged as long as electrical<br />

protection and a means for isolation is main-<br />

tained between individual generators by use of<br />

generator breakers.<br />

The location of the switchyard with respect to<br />

the powerhouse is dependent on soil conditions,<br />

space requirements and topography. Where<br />

geographically feasible, the best location of the<br />

switchyard is close to the powerhouse structure.<br />

This eliminates costly extension of the generator<br />

bus and reduces power losses in the bus. Figures<br />

11, 12 and 13 present costs of switchyards vs<br />

plant capacity.<br />

IMiscellaneous Power Plant Equipment<br />

<strong>Small</strong> and mini hydroelectric installations are<br />

generally operated and monitored from a remote<br />

location and therefore designed to house only<br />

the generation equipment. Heating, ventilating<br />

and air conditioning and waste systems fcr<br />

human habitat are normally not required. During<br />

infrequent maintenance periods, bottled water<br />

and portable toilet facilities may be provided.<br />

Ventilation. A central blower located in the roof<br />

or end walls with temperature control to actuate<br />

when ambient temperature rises above 74<br />

deg:ees F is provided. Filtered air inlets near<br />

floor at generator level are also included.<br />

Water System. Duplex pump system with<br />

strainers is provided for water-cooling re-<br />

quirements of the turbine and generator. The<br />

water is taken from the penstock or tailrace. The<br />

cooling water system would operate independant-<br />

ly of the plant generating equipment.<br />

Crane. A permanent powerhouse crane is not<br />

re<strong>com</strong>mended for small hydroelectric plants. Due<br />

to size and cost of equipment, it is considered<br />

more economical to bring in portable equipment<br />

for major plant overhauls.<br />

Miscellaneous. An eye wash bath and a ven-<br />

tilating fan for battery area are required for<br />

safety of the workers.<br />

Fire Protection System. The fire protection<br />

system is a detector-operated CO2 system for ex-<br />

tinguishing fires in generator housings and for<br />

hand-held portable extinguishers for other fire<br />

6ptima seria que el patio de distribuci6n esti cerca de protection.<br />

la estructura qu.e contiene la planta. Esto elimina la Figure 14 contains cost data for estimating the<br />

costosa extensi6n de la barra de colecci6n y reduce cost of miscellaneous power plant equipment.<br />

206

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