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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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1. enczkllado<br />

2. paletas de guia<br />

3. rotor<br />

4. rodamiento principal<br />

5. encasfllado de esquina<br />

6. v&hula de entrada de1 air?<br />

7, tubo de aspiracidn<br />

8. reductor<br />

Ademas de las pate&s diferencias ffsicas entre 10s<br />

disenos, varios tipos logran la eficiencia maxima ran<br />

va!ores diferentes de velocidad especffica. Esto se il-<br />

ustra en la figura 9. Aqti vemos que las turbinas de<br />

impulsos son eficientes a traves de una gama<br />

relativamente reducida de velocidades especSicas,<br />

mientras que las turbinas Francis y las de helice<br />

tienen una gama litil mas amplia. Tal <strong>com</strong>a se ilustra<br />

tambien, el tamario relativo disminuye al aumentar la<br />

velocidad especifica.<br />

Ademas, cada clase tiene caractetisticas de<br />

desempeno diferentes con una carga partial. Tal<br />

<strong>com</strong>a se ilustra en la figura 10, la turbina de im-<br />

pulsos y la turbina Kaplan <strong>com</strong>pleta pueden<br />

mantener una buena eficiencia a traves de una<br />

amplia gama de condiciones, mientras que la turbina<br />

de helice fija es relativamente ineficiente por debajo<br />

de1 75 por ciento de carga.<br />

Figura 8 Turbina de Flujo Transversal Ossberger<br />

Figure 8 Ossberger Cross Flow Turbine<br />

1. Casing<br />

2. Guide vanes<br />

3. Rotor<br />

4. Main bearing<br />

5. Corner casing<br />

6. Air inlet valve<br />

7. Draft tube<br />

8. Reducer<br />

turbines are larger than high head turbines for a<br />

given power since they must pass more flow. On<br />

the other hand, small can mean low power, which<br />

is the definition used in this paper.<br />

Basically, the technology for small and large<br />

turbines is the same. This is illustrated in Fig. 11.<br />

The types of turbines that would be useful at<br />

various <strong>com</strong>binations of head and desired power<br />

output are plotted over a range of head and<br />

power from 3 to 300 m and 10 kW to 1000 kW. The<br />

figure is constructed with the following assump-<br />

tions; the rpm in the range 600 - 3600, direct<br />

drive, and the specific speed in the range of op-<br />

timum efficiency for a given design. At constant<br />

n and ns, the head is related to the power by<br />

130<br />

(26) H rv @y’5(p),,5

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