Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

Hidroenergia
Water Power
I Water
Turbine
I
A 10s Campos de Irri@ci6n
To Irrigation
Fields
I
Me&-h
Power
Agua
Water e ,f
Entrada de Aire
Air in
Calor Desperdiciado
Arco Elktrico Waste Heat
I ------
ARC Reactor
I f, Cal
I Absorption
Column
Fertilizante a Base de
Nitrato de Calcio
Calcium Nitrate
Fertilizer
Al Invernadero
To Greenhouse
Limestone
Columna de Absorpcih
I
Figura 1 Diagrama de un sistema hidroektrico de producci6n de fertilizante a base de nitrbgeno. El sistema
usa &lo aire, agua, cal y la energia elCctrica obtenida de Ila hidroelectricidad. Los detalles de1 com-
ponente de1 reactor de arco ekctrico se ilustran en ia. Figura 2.
Figure 1 Diagram of a hydra-powered nitrogen fertilizer production system. The system uses only air, water,
limestone and electrical power obtained from water power. Details of the electric arc reactor compo-
nent are shown in Figure 2.
parativamente al principio de1 siglo en varios paises
escandinavos donde la hidroenergia es abundante.
Los procesos escandinavos fueron abandonados hate
m&s de cincuenta arias cuando 10s procesos dejaron
de ser competitivos con el proceso Haber-Bosch394
que usaba el gas natural coma materia prima para el
proceso de produccidn de1 fertilizante en forma de
amoniaco. Con e: marcado aumento en el cost0 de1
gas natural durante afios recientes es aparente que
un proceso de arco electrico con disefio apropiado
para la production de1 fertilizante puede ser ahorra
economicamente factible en ciertas areas. Por varios
aiIos, 10s Laboratorios de Investigacidn Kettering
han e&ado desarrollando sistemss de arco electric0
en pequefia escala para la production de1 fertilizante
a base de nitrogen0 cerca de 10s lugares donde se lo
necesite.s-8 La produccidn de1 fertilizante a base de
242
vian processes were abandoned over fifty years
ago when these processes ceased to be com-
petitive with the Haber-Bosch proces&4 using
natural gas as a feed-stock for the process to
produce nitrogen fertilizer in the form of am-
monia. With the marked increase in the cost of
natural gas during recent years, however, it ap-
pears that a properly designed electric arc pro-
cess for fertilizer production may now be
economically feasible in certain areas. For
several years, the Kettering Research Laboratory
has been developing small-scale, electric arc
systems for the production of nitrogen fertilizer
near the sites where the fertilizer is needed.5.8
On-site production of nitrogen fertilizer
eliminates the transportation and distribution fix-
ed costs responsibie for a large proportion of fer-