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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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de Educaci6n Superior ha permitido desperdiciar por<br />

largo tiempo ingentes recursos humanos y<br />

e<strong>com</strong>jmicos, p&s la mayor parte de trabajos previos<br />

a la obtencidn de las investigaciones respectivas no<br />

han superado la etapa de ejercicio academicos<br />

desligados de la realidad national. De aqti la impor-<br />

tancia de orientar a trav& de programas <strong>com</strong>a el que<br />

exponemos, las actividades de 10s Centros de<br />

Investigaci6n con act&a participaci6n de los<br />

estudiantes.<br />

A pesar de encontrarnos en una fase initial, 10s<br />

resultados obtenidos se 10s puede juzgar positivos por<br />

el inter& que nuestros programas han motivado en<br />

el medio universitario.<br />

No debemos olvidar, por otro lado, la necesidad de<br />

la formaci6n de1 recurso humano. Si son las <strong>com</strong>-<br />

unidades las que van a beneficiarse de este pro-<br />

grama, es necesario que ellas mismas se responsa-<br />

bilicen de la mayor parte de1 mismo, y en ciwtas<br />

etapas de su desarrollo se necesitaran personas con<br />

un nivel de conocimiento y de entrenamiento que no<br />

son 10s <strong>com</strong>unes, obligando de esta manera a preveer<br />

la educaci6n de este personal.<br />

Conclusion<br />

Insistimos en esta conclusi6n en el inter& scci21<br />

de1 programa de microcentrales hidroekctncac. Bajo<br />

esta perspectiva, la evaluaci6n no puede realizarse<br />

bajo 10s analisis tradicionales de indicadores<br />

econ6micos pu& estos pierden significaci6n ante 10s<br />

logros sociales que se consiguen al integrar la<br />

energia ektrica al aparato productive, de1 cual ha<br />

estado aislado hasta la actualidad.<br />

La naturale a <strong>com</strong>pleja de 10s programas de desar-<br />

rollo integral exige la constituci6n de equipos multi-<br />

disciplinarios para abordarlos de maaera global, y es<br />

que, al considerar a las zonas rurales <strong>com</strong>a un<br />

sistema, cada element0 tiene que cumplir su fun&n<br />

y entre todos tienen que establecerse las relaciones<br />

armoniosas que permitan conseguir 10s objetivos<br />

propuestos.<br />

Un problema fundamental es el de la transferencia<br />

de la tecnologia. La necesidad de seleccionar la tec-<br />

nologia conveniente cobra majror importancia cuando<br />

tenemos en cue&a la diversidad de las caracterkticas<br />

de 10s proyectos. A la vez es indispensable el desar-<br />

rollo de la tecnologia apropiada para todos 10s niveles<br />

de ejecuci6n de las obras: civil, mecanico y ekctrico.<br />

Cabe insistir en que ~610 con una <strong>com</strong>penetraci6n en-<br />

tre 10s ejecutores y la <strong>com</strong>unidad se puede llegar a<br />

aprovechar la experiencia de 10s pobladores respect.0<br />

a su propio medio, experiencia que es el product0 de<br />

Conclusion<br />

in conclusion, we want to emphasize the social<br />

impact of the microhydropower program. With<br />

this perspective, the evaluation cannot follow the<br />

economic indicators of traditional analyses since<br />

they lose significance when we ackncwiedge the<br />

social impacts brought about by integration of<br />

electric power into the productive structure, from<br />

which the population has been deprived up to the<br />

present.<br />

The <strong>com</strong>plex nature of the integral deveiop-<br />

ment programs demands the creation of<br />

multidisciplinary teams to obtain a global ap-<br />

proach. We have to consider the rural zones as a<br />

system where each element performs a function<br />

and there is a call for harmonious relationships<br />

among them in order to attain the proposed ob-<br />

jectives.<br />

A fundamental probiem is the transference of<br />

technology. The need for selection of an ap-<br />

propriate technology takes on added importance<br />

when we take into consideration the diversity of<br />

project characteristics. it is absolutely necessary<br />

to develop adequate technology for ail levels of<br />

implementation: civil, mechanical and eieciricai.<br />

We may point out that only with a good interface<br />

between the workers and the <strong>com</strong>munity may we<br />

take advantage of the knowledge gained through<br />

experience by the <strong>com</strong>munity. Such experience<br />

is the result of centuries of <strong>com</strong>mona!ity of in-<br />

terests. The concept of appropriate technology<br />

should not be conftised with simplistic<br />

methodologies, but should incorporate the best<br />

utilization and adaptation of materials and tools<br />

available in the environment where the projects<br />

are being implemented.<br />

The main objectives of our program are those<br />

of a social character: improvement of-the stan-<br />

dard of living of rural <strong>com</strong>munities and incentives<br />

for the development of domestic industry to pro-<br />

duce tne elements necessary for the impiementa-<br />

tion of microhydropower projects. This means the<br />

establishment or reinforcement of economic ac-<br />

tivities with a consequent increase in the use of<br />

nationai labor. An interesting process is the in-<br />

terinstitutionai cooperation through which coor-<br />

dination of activities is obtained thereby preven-<br />

ting duplication of efforts and, at the same time,<br />

channeling the activities of the universities<br />

towards problems of national interest.<br />

The probiem is a <strong>com</strong>plex one and its resolu-<br />

tion may influence the development of the coun-<br />

272

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