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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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Distincih entre las Turbinas<br />

“Pequefias” y “Grandes”<br />

La distincidn entre “pequena” y “grande” es una<br />

consideraci6n nebulosa. Las turbinas de baja ctida<br />

son mayores que las turbinas de alta caida para una<br />

potencia dada ya que deben pasar m&s flujo. Por el<br />

contrario, “pequefio” puede significar poca potencia,<br />

que es la definici6n utilizada en este documento.<br />

Fundamentalmente, la tecnologfa para las turbinas<br />

pequefias y grandes es la misma. Esto se ilustra en la<br />

figura 11. Las clases de turbinas que setian litties en<br />

distintas <strong>com</strong>binaciones de &da y potencia desea la<br />

setrazan en una gama de caidas y potencia de 3 a<br />

300 m y 10 kW a 1000 kW. La cifra se basa en las<br />

siguientes hip6tesis; rpm en la gama de 600 - 3600,<br />

conduccibn directa y la velocidad especifica en la<br />

gama de eficiencia 6ptima para un determinado<br />

Thus the upper limit represents maximum rpm<br />

(if possible without cavitation! and minimum ns.<br />

The lower boundary is determined from the<br />

lowest rpm and maximum ns without cavitating.<br />

Cavitation limits are based on a net positive draft<br />

head of one atmosphere.<br />

It is readily evident that standard technology<br />

can be used in most applications of small to<br />

micro hydro with the exception of larger low<br />

head turbines. Figure 12 is a sample of what is<br />

<strong>com</strong>mercially available. It is evident that a wide<br />

range of equipment is already being manufac-<br />

tured and that the designs used are optimized to<br />

match the state of the art of hydroturbine<br />

technology. This figure contains information<br />

available to the author at the time of writing. It<br />

should not be considered an accurate depiction<br />

Power(kw)<br />

Potencia (kW)<br />

Figura 11 Gama de Aplicacihn de Distintas Clases de Turbinas Basadas en lo Ultimos Adelantos de la<br />

Tecnolog?‘a (v&ase e! texto donde se dan las definiciones).<br />

Figure 11 Range of Application of Various Types of Turbines Based on State of the Art<br />

(see text for definitions.)<br />

132

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