Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com
Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com
Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com
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las consideraciones economicas lo permitan, se<br />
re<strong>com</strong>ienda el Barraje <strong>com</strong>plete de<br />
mamposteria o concrete, con su vertedero en<br />
la cresta.<br />
2. La Descurgu de Fonda, en todos 10s rios con<br />
acarreo de fondo considerable en epoca de<br />
lluvias consistira de ulna <strong>com</strong>puerta medica,<br />
manejable a mano desde un puente que se eleva<br />
encima de1 nival de agua en maxima avenida.<br />
El tamario de la <strong>com</strong>puerta depende de 10s<br />
bloques m&s grandes que puede acarrear el rio<br />
y que no deberan poder atorar la salida. La pen-<br />
diente de1 canal (antes y despues de la <strong>com</strong>puer-<br />
ta) depende de la pendiente natural de1 tie y<br />
debe ser suficiente para climinar todo el<br />
material que el tie pueda traer.<br />
3. La Suleru de Cuptuckh debe ser ? 30 cm. en-<br />
cima de1 nivel de la antecamara y tener sufi-<br />
ciente longitud para que la velocidad de1 agua<br />
en este sitio no pase de 10s 50 cm/s. En case de<br />
existir en el rio acarreo de pedrones, sera pro-<br />
tegida por una reja gruesa - (que puede con-<br />
sistir en tubos de hierro, de 8 2 N con 20 cm.<br />
de distancia libre). Si hay cuerpos flotantes,<br />
palizadas (p.e. en zonas de Selva), se con-<br />
struira un umbra1 encima de la entrada,<br />
convirtiendola en “Ventana de Entrada.”<br />
4. El piso de la Antechnuru tendra inclination<br />
fuerte hacia la Compuerta de Descarga de Fon-<br />
do y un pavimento de concrete o empedrado.<br />
Su nivel de entrada sera igual al nivel natural<br />
de1 rio para facilitar el paso de1 acarreo pesado<br />
de fondo. La zona delante de1 Barraje - quedara<br />
sin pavimento, ya que sera de decantacion y no<br />
habra en ella erosion, por la menos velocidad<br />
de1 agua.<br />
5. Entre la Solera de Captacion (3) y el Canal de<br />
Conduction (7) se colocara una Reju Finu (de<br />
4-5 cm. de paso) para impedir la entrada de<br />
cuerpos grandes de acarreo a este canal.<br />
Delante de esta reja se colocara una Compuerta<br />
Desripiadora, para liminar este material.<br />
6. Detr&s de la R.eja Fina se colocara una<br />
Cwnpwrtu (6) para controlar la admision de<br />
agua al Canal de Conduction.<br />
7. Para eliminar el exceso de agua en epoca de<br />
avenida, se construyen Vedederos Aliwiadores<br />
en la zona de Toma que limitzn el mvel mkximo<br />
de1 agua ha&a quedar debajo de 10s puentes de<br />
manejo de <strong>com</strong>puertas, accesos y otras partes<br />
de la construction que no deben inundarse. La<br />
147<br />
and/or “sod” to form the dam for that<br />
season. In cases where economic con-<br />
siderations permit such action, it is ad-<br />
visable to build a <strong>com</strong>plete dam of masonry<br />
or concrete with a spillway.<br />
2. The river bottom discharge, used in rivers<br />
with a considerable amount of bottom<br />
material carried during the rainy season,<br />
should consist of a metal gate which can be<br />
operated by hand from a bridge situated<br />
above the maximum water level. The size of<br />
the gate will deperJ on the biggest rocks<br />
that might be carried and which should not<br />
be allowed to obstruct the outflow. The<br />
slope of the canal (before and after the<br />
gates) will depend on the natural slope of<br />
the river and should be sufficient to<br />
eliminate all the material that the river<br />
could carry.<br />
3. The base of the intake area should be more<br />
than 30 cm above the level of the<br />
antechamber and its length along the river<br />
should be long enough to slow the speed of<br />
the water entering the intake to no more<br />
than 50 cm/s. in case of big rocks being<br />
carried by the river, the intake should be<br />
protected by a heavy rack which might be<br />
constructed with iron pipes 2” in diameter<br />
spaced 20 cm apart. If there is floating<br />
debris and logs (as in jungle zones), a “sill”<br />
should be constructed above the intake,<br />
converting it into an “intake window.”<br />
4. The antechamber canal should have a<br />
steep slope towards the river bottom<br />
discharge gate and should have a concrete<br />
or rock bed. The level of the discharge gate<br />
should be the same as the natural level of<br />
the river to facilitate passage of heavy bot-<br />
tom sediment. The area behind the dam<br />
should not be paved since it will constitute<br />
the sedimentation basin. Erosion is unlikely<br />
to happen due to the slower speed of the<br />
water.<br />
5. There should be a trash rack (4-5 cm. spac-<br />
ing) built between the intake (3) and the<br />
canal (7) to prevent the entrance into the<br />
canal of larger pieces of debris. There<br />
should be a gate in front of this trash rack<br />
to flush out some of the heavier debris.<br />
6. A sluice gate should be piaced after the<br />
trash rack to control the water admitted in-<br />
to the canal.