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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges Cveulebriv, A1 enis swavleba iwyeba mesame klasidan; Tumca, zogi skola ucxo enis swavlebas iwyebs I-II klasebidan da zogjer baRidanac ki (magaliTad, kapilas skola helsinkiSi; ix. ojala, 2010). enebis adreuli swavleba friad popularuli gaxda da axla mSoblebis umravlesobas surs, sabavSvo baRSive maTi Svili daeuflos erT-erT ucxo enas mainc. rasakvirvelia, es ucxo ena inglisuria (daaxl. 95 % mas irCevs, rogorc pirvel ucxo enas). A2, Cveulebriv, me-5 klasidan iwyeba, Tumca, zog skolaSi erTi wliT adrec iwyeben (rogorc wesi, irCeven inglisur an germanul enebs, Tumca ramdenime municipalitetSi rusulsac). TiTqmis yvela moswavle asrulebs kurss Svedursa da inglisur enebSi; damatebiT enad 50 %-s arCeuli aqvs germanuli, 20 %-s - franguli, 6 %-s - rusuli, 5 %-s - espanuri da 2 %-s - italiuri (poihoneni, 2009). rogorc iTqva, Sveduri oficialuri enis statusiT sargeblobs fineTSi da amitomac saSualo skolis safexurze kviraSi 6 saaTi eTmoba (adre, 1985 wlamde, 12 saaTi eTmoboda, Semdeg - 1994 wlamde - 9; amJamad SedarebiT Semcirda Sveduri enis swavlebis saaTebi skolebSi). finurenovan moswavleTa umravlesoba Sveduris swavlas iwyebs 14 wlidan (90 procenti); 8 % - 13 wlidan, xolo danarCeni - 9 wlis asakidan (pekarineni, 2011). Sveduris, rogorc A1 enis popularoba aSkarad dacemulia, Tumca, samagierod, masze moTxovnilebam aiwia, rogorc A2 enaze. fineTis ganaTlebis saxelmwifo sabWo xazs usvams, rom oficialuri bilingvizmi mxardaWerili unda iqnes. gansakuTrebiT popularulia imersiuli programebi, romlebic vasis regionSi ganxorcielda profesor krister lorenis iniciativiT 1980 wlidan. es programa xelmisawvdomia yvela im msurvelisTvis, romlebic mSobliur enas ojaxebSi dauflnen: es ena imersiuli programis farglebSi, iswavleba, rogorc sagani, xolo swavlebis enad gamoiyeneba meore ena. mesame da meoTxe enebi komunikaciuri midgomiT Seiswavleba da uaRresad popularulia enisa da sagnobrivi Sinaarsis integrirebuli swavleba (CLIL); am midgomas mivyavarT funqcionalur kompetenciebamde yovel enaSi (biorklundi, 2011). fineTis ganaTlebis saxelmwifo sabWom gamosca SesaZlebeli (asarCevi) bilingvuri programebis aRwera; gamocxadda, rom programebis Sefaseba unda momxdariyo didi pasuxismgeblobiT, Sedegebze orientirebuli. yvela eqsperimenti (igulisxmeba sxva enebis gamoyeneba swavlebis enebad) detalurad gamoikvleva, rac saSualebas iZleva, skolebSi gamoiyenon mravalferovani strategiebi (FNBE). ase rom, finurisa da Sveduris garda, sxva enebze ganaTlebis miReba sul ufro da ufro miRwevadi xdeba fineTSi. am skolebiT sargebloben rogorc finurenovani moswavleebi, aseve imigrantebi. magaliTad, Cinuri enis swavleba helsinkSi, meilahtis skolaSi, daiwyo 2008 wlidan. 380 moswavlidan 42 CarTulia bilingvur (finur-Cinur) programaSi (ahola, 2011). arsebobs sxva SesaZleblobebic: bavSvebs, romelTa saojaxo urTierTobis enac inglisuri, franguli, germanuli an rusulia, SeuZliaT iswavlon mSobliur enaze helsinksa da kidev ramdenime qalaqSi _ inglisurenovani swavleba saskolo swavlebis yvela etapisTvis garantirebulia, magaliTad, helsinkis saerTaSoriso skolaSi, inglisur skolaSi, maunulas skolaSi da a.S. zogierT umaRles saswavlebelSi bakalavris xarisxis miRebacaa SesaZlebeli inglisurenovani studentebisaTvis. me-19 saukuneSi uaRresad popularuli germanulenovani skolebi dRes aRar sargebloben maRali moTxovniT, Tumca, helsinkSi dResac funqcionirebs 1881 wels daarsebuli germanuli skola, romelsac, agreTve sabavSvo baRic aqvs. Jiul vernis saxelobis skola moicavs sabavSvo baRsa da 1-9 klasebs, sadac swavlebis ena frangulia. aq SemuSavebulia specialuri orenovani programebi. 9
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges yovelive zemoTqmuli rom SevajamoT, fineTSi absoluturad yvela moswavles saSualeba aqvs, Seiswavlos minimum 3 ena: finuri, Sveduri da inglisuri; Tumca, sxva enebis SeswavlisTvis TandaTan ufro mZlavri SesaZleblobebi ikveTeba (nikula da sxv., 2010). ganaTlebis politikis lozungad iqca: `maRalxarisxovani ganaTleba da yvelasTvis misawvdomi ganaTleba~. enobrivi ganaTleba imigrantebisaTvis ucxo enebze molaparake mosaxleoba ZiriTadad koncentrirebulia fineTis samxreT nawilSi. mxolod helsinkSi swavlobs 4000-mde imigrantuli warmomavlobis moswavle. maT garkveuli problemebi eqmnebaT, romelTa aRmosafxvreladac mimdinareobs muSaoba mravalenovani ganaTlebis mimarTulebiT (cenozi, garsia da sxv., 2009, protasova, rodina, 2011, skutnab-kangasi, 2009). erTi mxriv, am adamianebs sruli ufleba aqvT, ganaTleba miiRon mSobliur enebze; meore mxriv, saxelmwifo maqsimalurad unda daexmaros maT, safuZvlianad daeuflon saxelmwifo enas; es qveynis interesebSic Sedis: mraval enaze molaparake moqalaqeebi qveynis simdidrea, isini, ase vTqvaT, qmnian `xidebs~ umciresobaTa da qveynis ZiriTad mosaxleobas Soris. amitom fineTis imigrantuli ganaTlebis politikis mizania, miscen saSualeba imigrantebs, iseTive ganaTleba miiRon, rogorsac iReben `aborigeni~ mosaxleni. miuxedavad gansxvavebuli kulturisa da eTnikuri warmomavlobisa, isini unda integrirdnen finur sazogadoebaSi, Tumca, amavdroulad, ara Tu dakargon, aramed ganaviTaron kidec sakuTari ena da kulturuli identoba (ECRE; Sdr. niseni, sCibeli, 2007). imigrantebis cnebis qveS igulisxmebian sakuTriv migrantebi, devnilebi, meuRleebi sazRvargareTis qveynebidan, TavSesafris miRebis msurvelni da a.S. Tuki imigranti 7-17 wlis asakobriv SualedSia, mas ufleba aqvs, miiRos iseTive ganaTleba, rogorc fineTis sruluflebianma moqalaqem. Tumca, SemuSavebulia sistema, romelic uzrunvelyofs aseve zrdasruli moqalaqeebisTvis enobrivi da sxva aucilebeli unarebis ganviTarebas. imigrantTa bavSvebis nawili saxelmwifo enas ukve baRebSive eufleba: maTTvisac SemuSavebulia specialuri orenovani programebi (mouna, 2009). fineTis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, daSvebulia skolamdeli dawesebulebebis funqcionireba mSobliur enebze, Tumca, rogorc wesi, am uflebas ar iyeneben da irCeven bilingvuri ganaTlebs formas. imigrantTa im bavSvebisTvis, vinc axali Camosulia fineTSi, moqmedebs specialuri winaswari klasebi da maT intensiurad Seaswavlian saxelmwifo enebs (finursa da Svedurs). am klasebSi maTi mSobliuri ena gamoiyeneba, rogorc axsnaganmartebis ena da, amavdroulad, Seiswavleba, rogorc sagani. amgvari klasebis xangrZlivoba, Cveulebriv, 1 welia da maqsimum 10-12 bavSvi erTiandeba jgufSi. 450- 500 saaTi eTmoba saxelmwifo enis swavlebas am intensiuri kursis ganmavlobaSi. xdeba enis flobis donis regularuli da xSiri Sefaseba. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom kviraSi minimum 2 saaTi aucileblad unda daeTmos maTs mSobliur enebs. am mxriv marTlac didi samuSaoa Catarebuli da fineTSi 50 enis kursis mosmena SeuZliaT imigrantTa bavSvebs. aseTebis raodenoba fineTSi 11 000-a (IEF; latomaa, 2007). imigrantTa saboloo mizani mainc isaa, rom moxdes maTi sazogadoebrivi integracia da moiSoron `Ramuras~ statusi... (saukoneni, 2010). 10
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a. passionate b. Pathetic c. enthus
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Ekaterina Protassova University of
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Plurilingualism and plurilingual co
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REFERENCES saxelmwifo enis swavlebi
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