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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges saxelmZRvaneloebisa da gamocdebis standartizaciisaTvis. Mmokledaa aRwerili eqvssafexuriani skalis diferencirebuli sistema da deskriptorebi, romlebsac mecnierTa erTi nawili miiCnevs transfarentulad da relevanturad, meore nawili ki _ arasrulyofilad. gamoTqmulia maTi metad daxvewis survili, raTa SesaZlebeli gaxdes gamosacdeli piris enobrivi kompetenciis zusti misadageba sarekomendacio CarCos ama Tu im donisadmi. Kkritikis sagani xdeba is faqtic, rom sarekomendacio CarCo ar iZleva calsaxa miTiTebebs sagamocdo testis SedgenisaTvis da ar iTvaliswinebs yvela im faqtors, romelic ganapirobebs testis sirTules. statiaSi gamaxvilebulia yuradReba zepiri metyvelebis gagebasTan dakavSirebul sirTuleebze, romelTa analizis bazaze SesaZlebeli xdeba rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba rogorc zepiri metyvelebis gagebis unar-Cvevis CamoyalibebisaTvis, aseve, sarekomendacio CarCos standartTan misadagebuli, mosmenis kompetenciis Sesamowmebeli testis SedgenisaTvis. enebis swavlis, swavlebisa da Sefasebis erTiani evropuli sarekomendacio CarCo Seiqmna 2001 wels evrosabWos davalebiT. igi emsaxureba evropaSi enobrivi politikis gatarebas da politikuri qmedebebis ganxorcielebas: `multikulturul evropaSi enaTa memkvidreobiTi mravalferovneba unda gaxdes evropelTa urTierTgagebisa da mWidro TanamSromlobis safuZveli~. `Tanamedrove enebis codna gaaadvilebs evropelTa Soris komunikaciasa da interaqcias, SesaZlebels gaxdis evropaSi maTi mobilobis zrdas da xels Seuwyobs identobaTa pativiscemas, kulturul memkvidreobaTa SenarCunebasa da ganviTarebas~ (goeTes instituti, 2001, gv. 15). enebis swavlis, swavlebisa da Sefasebis erTiani evropuli sarekomendacio CarCo (SemdgomSi SemoklebiT: `sarekomendacio CarCo~) warmoadgens baziss saganmanaTleblo standartis SeqmnisaTvis, ucxo enis gakveTilis reformirebisaTvis, kurikulumebis ganviTarebisaTvis, testebis SedgenisaTvis da a.S. is warmoadgens mniSvnelovan instruments internacionaluri masStabiT saxelmZRvaneloebisa da gamocdebis unifikaciisa da sertifikaciisaTvis, ris gamoc mas gamoqveynebidan Zalian mokle vadaSi wilad xvda gasaocari rezonansi da aRiareba. germanulis, rogorc ucxo enis, ocdasamma didaqtikosma, TiToeulma Tavis kvlevis sferos TvalTaxedvidan gamomdinare, umaRlesi Sefaseba misca sarekomendacio CarCos, rogorc `saerTo evropuli ganaTlebis sivrceSi enobrivi politikis yvelaze mniSvnelovan dokuments~ (raupaxi, 2003, gv. 156). sarekomendacio CarCos Semdgomi dazustebis mizniT Catarda mravali empiriuli gamokvleva, Seiqmna sabaziso dokumentebi, romelTa Soris unda davasaxeloT èvropul enaTa portfolio~, proeqtebi: ÀLTE~ da `DIALANG~, germanulenovani Sveicaruli kantonebis proeqti ÌEF~ da sxv. (goeTes instituti, 2001, gv. 218, 232, aqve: B da C danarTebi; evropul enaTa portfolio). adrindeli normatiuli dokumentebisagan gansxvavebiT, sarekomendacio CarCo moicavs axleburad gansazRvrul da erTian sistemaSi moyvanil yvela im parametrs, romelic saWiroa enebis swavlis, swavlebisa da SefasebisaTvis. sarekomendacio CarCos umTavresi konceptebia: a) paradigmis Secvla ucxo enis gakveTilis, misi miznebisa da Sinaarsis sferoSi da b) eqvssafexuriani skalis diferencirebuli sistema, romelic aRwers komunikaciuri aqtivobebisa da enobrivi kompetenciebis doneebs. es sistema moicavs im codnasa da Cvevebs, romelTa meSveobiT enis Semswavlelebma unda SeZlon komunikaciuri qmedebis ganxorcieleba sazogado, profesiul da pirad sferoSi. doneebis safexurebriv sistemas aqvs vertikaluri da horizontaluri dimensiebi. vertikaluri dimensia asaxavs enobrivi kompetenciis xarisxs (A _ enis elementaruli gamoyeneba; B _ enis damoukidebeli gamoyeneba; C _ enis kompetenturi gamoyeneba) da doneebis Sinaarss, rac ilustrirebulia 119
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges globaluri skaliT. globaluri skala sarekomendacio CarCos yvelaze mniSvnelovan skalas warmoadgens. maszea orientirebuli yvela danarCeni skala. yoveli donisaTvis definirebulia deskriptorebi, romlebic enis SemswavlelTa kompetenciis dones aRweren ara negatiurad, maTi codnis deficitebis CamoTvliT, aramed pozitiurad: romel unar-Cvevebs floben isini, raTa SeZlon ama Tu im sakompetencio donis mopoveba. deskriptorebis vargisianobas da adekvaturobas (validurobas) adastureben g. Snaideri, b. norti da sxv. mecnierebi Sveicarul proeqtSi, romelSic yoveli deskriptori asobiT cdispiris mieraa Semowmebuli, xolo skalebi statistikur monacemebze dayrdnobiTaa Sedgenili (Snaideri, 2000) proeqti efuZneba empiriul gamokvlevebs, aseve ganaTlebis sxvadasxva seqtorSi moRvawe maswavlebelTa gamocdilebas, romlebic am deskriptorebs miiCneven `transfarentulad, vargisianad da relevanturad~ miuxedavad amisa, sarekomendacio CarCos avtorebi doneebis deskriptorebiT aRweras rekomendaciis saxiT gvTavazoben, ramac ùnda gvibiZgos fiqris, msjelobisa da deskriptorebis Semdgomi daxvewisaken, am sferoSi SeZenili gamocdilebisa da faqtebis obieqturi aRweris safuZvelze~ (goeTes instituti, 2001, Tavi III). ufro metic, isini momxmarebels sTavazoben skalirebis sistemisa da deskriptorebis kritikul Sefasebas, rac dRemde warmoadgens aqtualuri diskusiis sagans. sarekomendacio CarCos kritika Tavdapirvelad daiwyes enobrivi testis cnobilma specialistebma: k. r. bauSma, h. kristma, f. g. kionigma da h. i. krumma, romlebic testis Sedgenisas xelmZRvanelobdnen sarekomendacio CarCos deskriptorebiT. testis Semdgenlebi aRniSnaven, rom sarekomendacio CarCo ar iZleva calsaxa miTiTebebs sagamocdo testis SedgenisaTvis da ar iTvaliswinebs yvela im faqtors, romelic ganapirobebs testis sirTules (bauSi, 2003, gv. 145-155; kvetci, 2001, gv. 553-563; bugate, 2001). eqvssafexuriani skalisa da deskriptorTa kritikis mizezi xdeba is faqtic, rom rogorc zogadi enobrivi kompetenciis, aseve sakompetencio profilebis farglebSi yovelTvis ar xerxdeba gamosacdeli piris enobrivi kompetenciis zusti misadageba sarekomendacio CarCos ama Tu im donisadmi. sarekomendacio CarCos momxmarebels ènobrivi kompetenciis donis~ an `specialuri problemuri sferos aRweris dros esaWiroeba ufro zusti qvekategoriis formulireba, vidre amas sarekomendacio CarCos klasifikacia Seicavs~. marTalia, skalaTa deskriptorebi Sefasebisa da swavlis procesis dagegmvisaTvis saWiroa, magram ìsini ufro ucxo enis gakveTilis Zvel bihevioristul ganmartebebs gvagoneben da asruleben im joxis funqcias, romelsac unda gadaaxtes gawvrTnili pudeli~. Tu pudelma es SeZlo, maSin swavlis mizani miRweulia (kvetci, 2001, gv. 561). gamoTqmulia kritikuli SeniSvnebi zogierTi cnebis zedapirul aRwerasTan dakavSirebiT. pirvel rigSi, es exeba frazas: `SeuZlia ... gageba~: kompetenciaTa aRwerebi gansazRvraven saswavlo miznebs, romelTa Semowmeba SesaZlebelia, magram mosmenilis gagebis procesis Semowmeba SeuZlebelia da es sarekomendacio CarCoSi araa Tematizebuli. sarekomendacio CarCoSi ar aris axsnili arc Tavad `gagebis~ cneba da arc is, Tu rogor mimdinareobs `gagebis~ procesi, miuxedavad imisa, rom `gagebis~ fsiqolingvisturi cneba metad mniSvnelovania didaqtikisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT C1 da C2 safexurebze. sarekomendacio CarCos Sesaval nawilSi postulirebulia `mravalenovani kompetenciis SeZena~, Tumca SemdgomSi mosmenilis gagebis kompetencia ar ukavSirdeba arc sxva ucxo enis codnas da arc internacionalizmebis Secnobas. aRiniSneba aseve, rom sarekomendacio CarCo zedmetad normatiulia, `makdonaldizebulia~. igi ar gvaZlevs rCevebs ganaTlebis miznebTan da gakveTilis meTodebTan dakavSirebiT. sarekomendacio CarCoSi araa mocemuli iseTi mniSvnelovani unar-Cvevebis skalebi, rogoricaa mag. Targmani, interkulturuli unar-Cvevebi, araverbaluri komunikacia, swavlis strategia da sxv. amrigad, mecnierTa azriT, sarekomendacio CarCos taqsonomiuri sistema jer 120
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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi
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ekaterina protasova helsinkis unive
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usuli enis magaliTi saxelmwifo enis
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katri raiki tartus universitetTan a
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zenta anspoka dace dalbina vineta v
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a. passionate b. Pathetic c. enthus
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Ekaterina Protassova University of
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Dace Dalbina, Vineta Vaivade Latvia
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Plurilingualism and plurilingual co
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REFERENCES saxelmwifo enis swavlebi
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Irine Shubitidze CCIIR, Tbilisi, Ge
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Shalva Tabatadze Ivane Javakhishvil
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Sophie Mujiri Ivane Javakhishvili T
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� Creates opportunities for pract
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Tinatin Kiguradze Ilia State Univer
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