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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges naSromebi ki e.w meore mSobliuri enis sakiTxs exeba; am "terminSi" igulisxmeboda rusuli am saxelmwifoSi moqceuli yvela ararusisaTvis. niSandoblivia, rom, mciredi gamonaklisis garda, TiTqmis arc erT rusulenovan avtors aranairad ar examuSeba es sityvaTSexameba. aq TvalSisacemia ara marto politikuri sarCuli (garusebis apologia), aramed enobriv-kognituri faqtoric, romelic maTda uneburad xdis fardas maTi gancxadebebis WeSmarit arss. e.w. „meore mSobliuri enis“ Sesaxeb werisas rusulenovani avtorebi cdiloben, rom am „terminiT“ aRniSnuli cneba aqsiomaturad warmogvidginon, e.i. xdeba enobrivi situaciis modelireba terminebiTa da cnebebiT manipulirebis gziT. naSromSi warmoCenilia is faqti, rom enobrivi situaciebi SesaZloa daeqvemdebaron modelirebas ara marto garkveuli sakanonmdeblo da administraciuli zomebis gatarebis, aramed agreTve Sesabamisi Sinaarsis diskursisaTvis gasaqanis micemis saSualebiT, miuxedavad imisa, ramdenad adekvaturi iqneba miRebuli suraTi sinamdvilesTan. Tavis droze sabWoTa kavSirSi gatarebuli asimilacionisturi politikis vualirebis mizniT rusulenovan publikaciebSi SemoTavazebuli iyo termini второй родной язык '*meore mSobliuri ena', raSic, ra Tqma unda, igulisxmeboda rusuli sabWoTa kavSirSi mcxovrebi yvela ararusisaTvis. niSandoblivia, rom, mciredi gamonaklisis garda, TiTqmis arc erT rusulenovan avtors aranairad ar examuSeba es sityvaTSexameba. ganvixilavT zogierTi rusulenovani avtoris gamonaTqvamebs am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. Tavidanve unda SevniSnoT, rom TvalSisacemia ara marto politikuri sarCuli (garusebis apologia), aramed enobriv-kognituri faqtori, romelic maTda uneburad xdis fardas maTi gancxadebebis WeSmarit arss. e.w „meore mSobliuri enis“ Sesaxeb werisas rusulenovani avtorebi cdiloben, rom am „terminiT“ aRniSnuli cneba aqsiomaturad warmogvidginon, e.i. xdeba enobrivi situaciis modelireba terminebiTa da cnebebiT manipulaciis gziT. Cven mier zemoT gacxadebuli miznis misaRwevad saukeTeso saSualebaa swored xsenebul avtorTa citatebi, romlebic iseTi calsaxaa TavianTi paTosiT, rom zogjer komentaric ki ar gaxlavT saWiro: „partiul-politikur literaturaSi aseve Sevida cneba 'meore mSobliuri ena'. bolo dros igi vrceldeba samecniero literaturaSic“ (agaevi, 1968, gv. 136). simarTle rom vTqvaT, Cven ar vaxdenT am da zogierTi sxva avtoris gamonaTqvamebis, rogorc mecnierulad Rirebuli Sexedulebebis citirebas. isini warmoadgens TvalsaCino masalas CvenTvis saintereso enobriv-kognituri erTeulebis funqcionirebaze dasakvirveblad. maTi mecnierulad ganxilva rom ar Rirs, es Semdegi pasaJiTac Cans: „cneba 'meore mSobliuri enis' gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba udavoa. pirvel rigSi, iseT konkretul SemTxvevebSi, roca ucxoenovan garemoSi mcxovrebi xalxi ise Tavisuflad eufleba am garemos enas, rom mosaxleobis sxvadasxva kategoriis individebi ise farTod sargebloben miTi, rogorc erovnul-mSobliuri eniT. ase, magaliTad, qarTuli eniT amJamad sargebloben megrelebi da lazebi [?! - z. k.]“ (iqve, gv. 137). avtoris gasaocrad, zogierTi mecnierisaTvis es cneba miuRebeli aRmoCnda, radganac „masSi xedaven xalxebis sxva eris enaze gadayvanis SeniRbul politikas“ (iqve). albaT, upriani iqneba, Tu a. agaevs gamovexmaurebiT kidev erTi citatiT: „xSir SemTxvevaSi am process mivyavarT iqamde, rom rusuli ena xdeba ararusi mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani nawilis mSobliuri ena. amis Sedegad, rogorc es aCvena ssrk-is mosaxleobis 1959 wlis aRweram, ssrk-is ararusi mosaxleobis 10 milionze metma warmomadgenelma aRiara rusuli Tavis mSobliur enad“ (deSerievi & protCenko, 1968, gv. 122). amgvari gamSobliurebis' savalalo Sedegebis Sesaxeb Cven vwerdiT: „v o d e b i (mcirericxovani eTnikuri jgufia) cxovroben leningradis olqis 115
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges kingisepis raionSi. maTi mSobliuri ena voduri iyo; amJamad maTi absoluturi umravlesoba rusulad laparakobs... mosaxleobis omisSemdgom aRwerebSi es erovneba saerTod aRar gamouyviaT. gaqra ena da gaqra eric. aseve daemarTaT livebs (latvia), orokebs (saxalini), iaRnobebs, TaliSebs (azerbaijani) da mraval sxvas“ (kikviZe, 1990, gv. 187). m. rilski ambobs, rom „yazaxma poetma muxTar aiezovma zustad monaTla rusuli sabWoTa kavSiris yvela ganaTlebuli ararusis 'meore mSobliur enad'“ (rilski, 1962, gv. 102). Tumca arsebobs sxva informaciac: „rodesac n. s. xruSCovi minskis saxelmwifo universitetis kibeebze adioda, miubrunda Tavis mxleblebs da isini ase damoZRvra: „rac ufro male daviwyebT rusulad laparaks, miT ufro male avaSenebT komunizms“. amis Semdeg yirgizeTSi respublikis kompartiis centraluri komitetis pirvelma mdivanma T. usumbalievma rusuli ena yirgizTa meore mSobliur enad gamoacxada“ (kikviZe, 1990, gv. 187). aRsaniSnavia, rom im dros es yirgizTaTvis progresuli nabiji gaxldaT, radganac maTs enas formalurad mainc eniWeboda „pirvelis“ statusi. e.w. „meore mSobliuri enis“ Sesaxeb werisas rusulenovani avtorebi cdiloben, rom am „terminiT“ aRniSnuli cneba aqsiomaturad warmogvidginon, e. i. xdeba erTgvari indoqtrinacia (ix. mag., belodedi, 1969; kostomarovi, 1963; deSerievi, kamari, meliqiani, 1965; bazievi, isaevi, 1975; xanazarovi, 1963; garSva, 1989). zemoTqmulis naTelsayofad ganvixiloT zogierTi am avtoris gamonaTqvami. „meore mSobliuri ena SeiZleba pirdapiri gagebiT vuwodoT im enas, romelzec sicocxlis pirvelive wlebidan metyveleben mSobliur enasTan erTad, rac SeiniSneba Sereul ojaxebSi, sadac ori (an ramdenime) ena gamoiyeneba. amas garda, meore mSobliur enad SesaZloa iwodebodes im mosaxleobis ena, romelmac dakarga an kargavs Tavis 'pirvel mSobliur enas'“ (garSva, 1989, gv. 31). aq mizanSewonilad migvaCnia Semdegi SeniSvnebis gakeTeba: (1) avtori brWyalebSi svams „первый родной язык“, xolo второй родной язык brWyalebis gareSea; (2) samecniero TvalsazrisiT, k. garSvas pozicia ucnauria (Torem misi gamonaTqvami, rogorc politikuri Tu propagandistuli diskursi, savsebiT eqvemdebareba axsnas): misTvis uapelaciod misaRebia второй родной язык, rogorc termini; amis Semdeg cdilobs, moargos mas raime ganmarteba, an SeurCios empiriuli safuZveli. rodesac v. avrorini saubrobs termin „bilingvizmis“ ganmartebasTan dakavSirebuli siZneleebis Sesaxeb, igi aRniSnavs, rom isini, vinc saWirod ar miiCnevs, rogorme mkacrad ganmarton CvenTvis saintereso movlena, daunawevreblad ixilaven adamianebis uzarmazar masebs, romlebic ase Tu ise floben or enas, aniWeben maT orenovanTa dasaxelebas da mxolod amis Semdeg SearCeven cneba „orenovnebisaTvis“ imgvar ganmartebas, romelic saSualebas miscems maT, rom am masidan arc erTi erTeuli ar darCes gamocalkevebuli da amgvarad SeinarCuneben mis masobriobas, romelic milionebs moicavs. „swored es maqvs mxedvelobaSi, rodesac vsaubrob msjelobis Sebrunebuli mimarTulebis Taobaze: ara raobidan saxeldebamde, aramed saxeldebidan raobisaken. swored asea saqme „meore mSobliur enis“ SemTxvevaSi“ (avrorini, 1975, gv. 142). Rirssacnobia, rom v. avrorini im iSviaT gamonakliss ganekuTvneba rusulenovan avtorTa Soris, romlebic am problemas mecnieruli TvalTaxedviT gaanalizebas cdiloben. aqve unda SevexoT kidev erTi avtoris midgomas: “meore mSobliuri ena... imas niSnavs, rom erTaSorisi urTierTobis ena, yvelaze wamyvani da mravalricxovani eris ena, gaxda manamde yvela CamorCenili da Cagruli erovnebis sulieri ganviTarebis wyaro, da, am gagebiT, maTTvis axlobeli da mSobliuri. erTaSorisi urTierTobis ena mocemuli erisaTvis xdeba meore mSobliuri ara imitom, rom mTels ers aTvisebuli aqvs igi iseve kargad, rogorc Tavisi erovnuli ena, aramed imitom, rom erTaSorisi urTierTobis ena erovnulTan erTad aucilebelia misi 116
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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi
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ekaterina protasova helsinkis unive
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usuli enis magaliTi saxelmwifo enis
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katri raiki tartus universitetTan a
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zenta anspoka dace dalbina vineta v
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a. passionate b. Pathetic c. enthus
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Ekaterina Protassova University of
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Dace Dalbina, Vineta Vaivade Latvia
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Plurilingualism and plurilingual co
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REFERENCES saxelmwifo enis swavlebi
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Irine Shubitidze CCIIR, Tbilisi, Ge
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Shalva Tabatadze Ivane Javakhishvil
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Sophie Mujiri Ivane Javakhishvili T
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� Creates opportunities for pract
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Tinatin Kiguradze Ilia State Univer
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