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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges mimarTos: gamoiyenos konteqsturi gasaRebebi, Tavad auxsnas moswavleebs maTi mniSvneloba, axlad Seswavlili sityvebiT Seadgeninos winadadebebi, gaaazrebinos sityvis Semadgeneli calkeuli nawilebi, gamoiyenos axali sityvebi Tu gamoTqmebi situaciur saubarSi da a.S. (dawyebiTi...2010, gv. 28). swavlis garkveul etapze moswavlem unda SeZlos gamarTuli kiTxva. gamarTulad mkiTxveli Cumad kiTxvis dros dekodirebis gareSe, avtomaturad amoicnobs sityvebs da advilad igebs teqstis Sinaarss; ar uWirs xmamaRla kiTxva, sasven niSnebTan saTanado pauzebs akeTebs da irCevs Sesabamis intonacias [kiTxvis... 2010, gv. 13]. momdevno etapia wakiTxulis gageba-gaazreba da teqstis interpretacia. gansxvavebiT dekodirebisa da sityvebis amocnobisagan, wakiTxulis gaazreba teqstis siRrmiseuli Semecnebis procesia da masSi gadmocemuli azrebis gacnobierebasa da konstruirebas gulisxmobs. daskvniTi etapia wera. wera wignierebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi aspeqtia. moswavleebi, romlebic zrunaven weris unaris gaumjobesebaze, gacilebiT meti yuradRebiT kiTxuloben Tanaklaselebisa da mwerlebis nawerebs, pasuxismgeblobiT ekidebian TiToeuli sityvisa Tu frazis gamoyenebas werisas, cdiloben TavianTi leqsikuri maragis Sevsebas, ismenen da iziareben erTmaneTis rCevebs, eCvevian kritikul azrovnebas (temple, 2008, gv. 283). II. rogori unda iyos kargi mkiTxveli? kargi mkiTxveli fiqrobs imis Sesaxeb, rasac kiTxulobs, iazrebs teqstSi mocemul informacias da yuradRebas aqcevs TiToeul detals, wakiTxuls akavSirebs sakuTar winare gamocdilebasTan. warmoidgens im suraT-xatebs, romelTac avtori aRwers da SeuZlia ivaraudos, Tu ra aris mosalodneli teqstis momdevno nawilSi an finalSi; cdilobs, amoicnos mwerlis mizani, gamoyos mTavari da meorexarisxovani da am gziT siRrmiseulad gaiazros wakiTxuli. kargi mkiTxveli TviTon akontrolebs da akvirdeba sakuTar gageba/gaazrebis process. arian moswavleebi, romlebic bunebrivad floben kargi mkiTxvelis unarebs, magram umravles SemTxvevaSi maT am unarebis gamomuSaveba da efeqtur mkiTxvelad CamoyalibebisaTvis gageba/gaazrebis xerxebis Seswavla sWirdebaT. III. kiTxvis rva ZiriTadi strategia efeqturi mkiTxveli teqstis siRrmiseulad gasagebad kiTxvis ramdenime ZiriTad strategias flobs. yvela maTgans konkretuli da damoukidebeli wvlili Seaqvs wakiTxulis gaazrebis procesSi. kargi mkiTxveli am strategiebs iyenebs gaazrebulad rogorc kiTxvis dros, aseve kiTxvis dawyebamde da wakiTxvis Semdegac. qvemoT mocemulia kiTxvis ZiriTadi strategiebi da maTi mokle aRweriloba, raTa ufro naTeli gaxdes suraTi, konkretulad ra igulisxmeba TiToeuli maTganis miRma da rodis da rogor SeiZleba maTi gamoyeneba. 1. vizualizeba/warmosaxva - mkiTxveli Tavis gonebaSi warmoidgens avtoris mier aRweril suraT-xatebs, personaJebs, moqmedebis adgils, bunebas. 2. varaudebis gamoTqma - mkiTxveli gamoTqvams varaudebs, rogor SeiZleba ganviTardes siuJeti, an ra aris mosalodneli finalSi. misTvis sainteresoa imis garkveva, gamarTldeba Tu ara misi varaudebi. 3. SekiTxvebis dasma - mkiTxveli svams SekiTxvebs misTvis saintereso sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. 149
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges 4. axsna-ganmarteba/mniSvnelobis dadgena - mkiTxveli cdilobs misTvis gaugebari adgilebis, sityvebis, frazebis mniSvnelobis dadgenas. 5. kavSirebis damyareba - mkiTxveli cdilobs, moZebnos kavSiri wakiTxulsa da sakuTar cxovrebiseul gamocdilebas Soris da, agreTve, gaavlos paralelebi misTvis cnobil sxva nawarmoebebTan. 6. sakuTari damokidebulebis/Tvalsazrisis gamoxatva - mkiTxveli gamoxatavs Tavis damokidebulebas, STabeWdilebas wakiTxulis mimarT, ayalibebs sakuTar mosazrebas teqstis Sesaxeb. 7. Sejameba - mkiTxveli ajamebs, Tu ra aris avtoris mTavari saTqmeli, ra informaciaa teqstSi yvelaze Rirebuli, ra aris meorexarisxovani. 8. refleqsia - mkiTxveli akeTebs saboloo daskvnebs, gamoxatavs sakuTar pozicias, ra iyo misTvis wakiTxulidan yvelaze mniSvnelovani, ra mizani daisaxa avtorma da rogor SeZlo an, saerTodac, SeZlo Tu ara misi gaxorcieleba. IV. "xmamaRla fiqri" - meTodis raoba "xmamaRla fiqris" meTodi Zalze efeqturia moswavleebSi wignierebis donis asamaRleblad, kerZod, gagebaze orientirebuli kiTxvis strategiebis swavlebisaTvis. misi meSveobiT maswavlebeli uCvenebs moswavleebs, praqtikulad rogor gamoiyenon kiTxvis rva ZiriTadi xerxi/strategia teqstis gaazrebisa da misi Sinaarsis siRrmiseulad gagebisaTvis. „xmamaRla fiqris“ meTodis gamoyenebiT maswavlebeli xmamaRla aRwers sakuTari azrovnebis process, axmovanebs teqstis siRrmiseuli analizis teqnikas bavSvebis winaSe da TvalsaCinod uCvenebs moswavleebs, rogor iazrebs teqsts kargi mkiTxveli. "xmamaRla fiqris" meTodi ukve didi xania, aprobirebulia dasavleTSi da aqtiuradac gamoiyeneba. Cveni mizania, vaCvenoT, Tu rogor SeiZleba movargoT swavlebis process gaazrebuli kiTxvis swavlebis es strategia da ra Sedegebis miRweva SeiZleba am procesis marTebulad dagegmvisa da sworad warmarTvis SemTxvevaSi. cnobilia, rom bavSvebi ufro kargad aRiqvamen vizualur informacias. abstraqtuli cnebebi, rogoric aris fiqri, maTTvis rTuli gasagebia. ufro metad ki uWirT wakiTxulisadmi sakuTari damokidebulebebis gadmocema. „xmamaRla fiqris“ meTodi am unaris ganviTarebasac uwyobs xels. am mizezis gamo igi warmatebulad gamoiyeneba rogorc skolaSi (meore klasidan, vidre bolomde), aseve umaRles saswavleblebSi da zrdasrulTa saganmanaTleblo programebSic. meTodi erTgvarad universaluria da wignierebis garda, kargad ergeba praqtikulad yvela sagnobriv disciplinas (maTematikas, geografias, bunebismetyvelebas da a. S.), igi Tanabrad efeqturia yvela tipis teqstTan samuSaod. misi gamoyeneba SeiZleba weris drosac. magaliTad, moswavleebma wyvilebSi muSaobisas erTmaneTs gauziaron TavianTi fiqrebi, isaubron imis Sesaxeb, risi dawera surT. es dialogi maT daexmareba auditoriasTan urTierTobis gaTavisebasa da weraSi daostatebaSi (xmamaRla fiqris strategia). ar aris aucilebeli, rom meTodis gamoyenebas mTeli gakveTili daeTmos. Tavisuflad SesaZlebelia, maswavlebelma igi gakveTilis mizans moargos da drois xanmokle monakveTSi ganaxorcielos moswavlesTan individualurad, mcire jgufebSi an mTel klasTan. meTodis gamoyeneba SeiZleba teqstis wakiTxvamde da kiTxvis procesSi. rojer fari da jeni koneri „xmamaRla fiqris“ meTodis gamoyenebis sam ZiriTad variants gvTavazoben (fari, 2004): 150
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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi
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ekaterina protasova helsinkis unive
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usuli enis magaliTi saxelmwifo enis
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Ekaterina Protassova University of
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Dace Dalbina, Vineta Vaivade Latvia
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Plurilingualism and plurilingual co
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REFERENCES saxelmwifo enis swavlebi
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Irine Shubitidze CCIIR, Tbilisi, Ge
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