Untitled

saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi:
problemebi da gamowvevebi
Issues of State Language Teaching;
Problems and Challenges
magaliTad, anziehen (Cacma - icvams, Caicva, Caucvams), I diaTezis 34-e paradigmaSi
Sedis. vartyam zmnis modelis mixedviT (xotivari-iungeri da sxv., 2010, gv. 116)
SesaZlebelia misi uRleba. tabulebSi polisemiur germanul zmnasTan miTiTebulia
qarTuli ekvivalentebi: ablegen zmnas qarTulad Seesabameba ori mniSvneloba: ablegen
(Examen) - gamocdis Cabareba; ablegen (Kleidung) - gaixdis (tansacmels); ablehnen-Tan
miTiTebulia: uaryofs, uars ambobs; abnehmen (Gewicht) - gaxdeba (wonaSi daiklebs),
magram abnehmen (Brille) - moixsnis (saTvales).
Stefi iunger-xotivari diaTezis nacvlad iyenebs termin „uRlebis tips“ da
gamoyofs am klasifikaciis erT-erT damaxasiaTebel niSans: logikuri subieqtis
brunvas (anu sintaqsur konstruqcias). d. meliqiSvilis naSromis 8000 zmnidan
umravlesoba I diaTezas ganekuTvneba (5300 zmna, ganawilebuli 34 qvejgufSi), II-Si
misi naxevaria (2300 zmna, 18 qvejgufi), xolo III diaTeza mcirericxovania (sul 280
zmna, 14 tipi).
I diaTezaSi Sedis R-0 struqturis mqone da cvalebadi (ergatiuli) sintaqsuri
konstruqciis zmnebi, romelTa subieqti brunvacvalebadia: awmyos droiT formebSi (I
seriaSi) dgas saxelobiTSi, aoristis jgufSi (II seriaSi) - moTxrobiTSi anu
ergativSi, perfeqtis jgufSi (III seriaSi) - micemiTSi. magaliTad: is wers - man
dawera - mas dauweria; is mReris - man imRera - mas umReria; aseTi zmnebia: vwuxvar,
vyef, vfren, vcekvav, vtrialeb, viZineb, vcxovrob, vpatronob, davseirnob... vwer, vxatav,
vaqeb da sxv.
II diaTezis zmnebi R+i struqturisaa. maT stabiluri konstruqcia (nominatiuri)
aqvT, radgan subieqti yvela seriaSi saxelobiT brunvaSi dgas: viwerebi/ vewerebi,
vidrikebi, vizrdebi, vsveldebi, vejibrebi, vTbebi...
III diaTezis zmnebi umetesad grZnoba-aRqmis gamomxatvelia (e. w. afeqturi).
maTTan logikuri subieqti yovelTvis micemiTSi dgas da grZnobis ganmcdelia (susti
nebelobisa): macvia, SemiZlia, momwons... uyvars, sciva, emRereba, aviwydeba...
Tavisebur zmnaTa Soris CamoTvlilia: mwkrivSi fuZemonacvle (aris, Svreba, devs,
ambobs, midis, moaqvs, zis), pirSi monacvle (Tqva - brZana, mobrZanda, brZandeba,
miarTva, geaxeli), ricxvSi monacvle (abia - asxia, ugdebs - yris, debs - awyobs, zis -
sxedan...), sulier-usulo obieqtebTan gansxvavebuli fuZis zmnebi, romlebic
germanulSi erTi fuZiT gamoiyeneba, rac ucxoelebs sirTules uqmnis: haben (aqvs -
hyavs), stellen (dadgams - daayenebs), nehmen, mitnehmen (aiRebs - aiyvans), legen - hinlegen
(dadebs - daawvens). nauRlebia ramdenime arawesieri da Taviseburi zmna (icis, uwyis,
miscems, dgas, wevs, hyavs, hgavs), gansakuTrebuli zmnebi (moaqvs, mohyavs, mivdivar,
vkiTxulob, mixaria, vaZlev, myavs...).
vfiqrobT, germaniaSi gamocemuli „qarTuli zmnis tabulebi“ erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani saswavlo masala gaxdeba qarTuli enis SemswavlelTaTvis. kargi
iqneba, rom am tipis cnobari zmnaTa indeqsaciiTa da uRlebis tabulebiT
saqarTveloSic gamoices.
rogorc vxedavT, kita Cxenkelisa da hainc fenrixis klasifikaciaSi pirveli sami
jgufi identuria. sxvaoba mxolod isaa, rom enian zmnebSi h. fenrixi e-s miiCnevs
iribi obieqtis misaTiTebel niSnad. rac Seexeba l. abulaZisa da Stefi xotivariiungeris
klasifikacias, orive eyrdnoba prof. d. meliqiSvilis diaTezebis Teorias,
romlis mixedviTac, zmnebis dajgufebis safuZvelia rogorc morfologiuri
struqtura, ise sintaqsuri konstruqcia. es saSualebas iZleva, rom e. w. medioqtivebi
moTavsdes pirvel jgufSi, xolo inversiuli zmnebi - mesameSi.
ganxiluli naSromebi kidev erTxel mowmobs, ramdenad mniSvnelovania qarTuli
zmnebis uRlebis gasaazreblad ucxoelebisTvis swori klasifikacia da
Tanamimdevruli sistema.
sqematurad qarTuli zmnebis klasifikacia ganxilul saxelmZRvaneloebsa da
cnobarebSi ase gamoiyureba (sqema N2; Sdr. vebgverdi: . kartuli.net/verben.html/
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