Untitled

saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi:
problemebi da gamowvevebi
Issues of State Language Teaching;
Problems and Challenges
is cold); irregular verbs: aris (is), akvs (has), dgas (stands), and the verbs of semantic field of speech: ambobs
(says), eubneba (tells) (Fähnrich, 1986, p. 71-134). Such division is mainly based upon the one suggested by
Akaki Shanidze, but does not exactly coincide with it, as the author includes the inversion of the person markers
in verbs of uq vars (loves) type, into his review; and besides, he does not consider -e as the marker of the passive
voice.
The peculiarities of conjugation of the different types of verbs are thoroughly discussed in the work of H.
Fähnrich.
The general scheme of the construction of the Georgian verbs is given in the book. 21 formants are given in
the scheme, among them: three groups of pre-verbs (1 – c ina-, ze-; 2 – da-, aγ-, ga-, še-; 3 – mo-,); subject person
marker, prefix v-, object person markers prefixes m-. g-, gv-, h; also so called characteristic vowels (vowel prefixes
a, e, i, u), participle prefix m-, root or simple stem, stem expending vowel a, masdar suffixes (-om,-ol), passive
voice suffix d-, formants of the present tense stem (-eb, -ob, -av, -am, -i, -em, -of), causation markers (-ev,in),
formant of the present in causative -eb, participle suffix -ar, passive suffixes (-eb, -ev, -ob), expending
vowels of the present tense (-od,-ad), person and plural suffixes (-s, -a, -es, -nen), additional -n, series (mc krivi)
markers (-i, -o), auxiliary verbs (-a, -var, -iq avi), number marker (-t), indirec speech markers (particles -o, -tko).
One example for each corresponding verb form is given in the scheme: am (you eat), davaxaṭvineb (I will make
him draw), c inaaγudgnen, (ra ӡala) madgas, mohḳvdomia, eγlabuceboda, dagvatvalierebinebdnen, gaviq inebi,
ševmcdariavi, ubrӡolniat, dakaldao, dagixaṭivart, zec amoi ra, mogvašlevines, gamomiq vana-tko.
In 2006 the textbook written by L. Abuladze & A. Ludden was published. Its purpose was to enhance acquisition
of colloquial Georgian Language with the help of conversation texts. The verbs are divided into three types
in accordance with their conjugation (complying with the diathesis theory of Prof. D. Melikishvili):
1. First conjugation: Transitive and intransitive verbs with case-changing subjects (so-called active medium
verbs);
2. II conjugation: intransitive verbs with unchanging subject (denominative, derivate) and passive verbs
(dynamic, static) and in addition the forms translated into German as reflexive verb forms.
3.III conjugation: indirect or inverted verbs with subject in dative case.
It is noted in relation with the verbs of the second conjugation, that in the Georgian linguistic literature they
are identified as the verbs of the passive voice. However, for the foreigners it is not easy to understand this phenomenon,
as when translating them in German, they do not appear passive verbs. (Abuladze & Ludden, 2006,
p.204).
While the grammar reference book is not very large, specificity of the Georgian Language and verb peculiar
features are discussed fully and clearly. The textbook is expended by means of the tables of the verbs conjugations
(Abuladze & Ludden, 2006, p.p. 245-323) such as: aris (is) xaṭavs (draws), ixaṭeba (is being drawn), midis
(goes), icis (knows) and others. The forms of masdar and participle are given as well.
“The Georgian Verb Tables” by St. Chotivari-Jünger & D. Melikishvili & L.Wittek was published in
2010. Three types of verbs are identified in that book. The principle of grouping the Georgian verbs into three
diathesis, in accordance with the works of Damana Melikishvili, became the theoretical foundation for this book.
This principle differs from that of grouping by the voice of the verbs. Diathesis is based on the verb structure, its
construction, covers voice, version, conversion and inversion, static and dynamics, case alterations of actants and
their semantics are also considered.
In this book, the type of conjugation, paradigm, masdar, basic tense forms (Present, Aorist, and Perfect) and
the case of the logical subject are indicated with 800 verbs. These indications enable to conjugate correctly the
verbs with similar structure but with different pre-verbs; to find the corresponding Georgian verb among the alphabetic
order of the German verbs, to identify its conjugation type and find its model. Using this indexation
helps the foreign learners to find the correct way dealing with the complexities of the Georgian verb forms. They
will be able to conjugate and use the forms correctly.
The verb tables hold the most part of the book (Chotivari-Jünger et al, 2010, p.p.30-95). Then come paradigm
based on the diathesis (Chotivari-Jünger et al, 2010, p.p. 95-137) and the list of the special verbs accompanied
with their translations in the end (Chotivari-Jünger et al, 2010, p.p.137-160).
For example, anziehen (dress-dresses - has dressed [čacma-icvams-čaucvams]) goes under the 34 th paradigm
of the I diathesis. According the model of the verb varṭq am (I hit) its conjugation is possible. (Chotivari-Jünger et
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