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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges ganaTlebis miReba da ra tipis umaRles saswavlebelSi _ iqneba es saxelmwifo universiteti - latviurenovani, Tu kerZo universiteti, romelSic swavla aris romelime ucxo / umciresobis enaze. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom airCia erTiani standarti dawyebiTi da saSualo skolisaTvis, romlis mixedviTac erovnuli testireba mimdinareobs rogorc umciresobebis, aseve latviur enaze. umciresobebis moswavleebis saswavlo programebis mixedviT, moswavles an skolas eZleva SesaZlebloba, airCios umciresobis ena garkveuli sagnebis Casabareblad saxelmwifo gamocdaze. ganaTlebis reforma latviaSi arsebul umciresobebis skolebSi 1995 wlidan mimdinareobs. ori gansxvavebuli _ rusuli da latviuri saskolo sistema, romelic Seiqmna sabWoTa periodSi, arsebobda oTxmocdaaTian wlebamde. skolebSi saswavlo procesi mimdinareobda gansxvavebuli saswavlo gegmebiTa da sxvadasxva saxis wignebiT: rusulenovan skolebSi latviur enaze iswavleboda garkveuli sagnebi, Tumca swavlebis meTodebi da strategiebi iyo sruliad araefeqturi. 1992 wlidan latviaSi saganmanaTleblo sistemis aqturi reformireba daiwyo. miRebul iqna yvela sagnis swavlebis standarti, valdebulebebi latviaSi arsebuli yvela skolis, moswavlisa da maswavleblis mimarT iyo erTian midgomaze dafuZnebuli, miuxedavad swavlebis enisa, Tumca kurikulumis ganviTareba da axali meTodebis arCeva iyo mudam maswavlebis prerogativa. reformamde moswavleebis mier miRebuli codna da unarebi ver pasuxobda latviis saganmanaTleblo dokumentebSi gaweril standarts. erT-erTi gza problemis mogvarebisTvis reformis procesSi iyo sxvadasxva enaze mosaubre moswavleebis uzrunvelyofa latviuri enis damatebiTi gakveTilebiT. 1996 wels ministrTa kabinetma daamtkica erovnuli saswavlo gegma, romelic SemuSavda 1995 wels, romlis mTavari mizani iyo „...xeli Seewyo sazogadoebaSi integraciis procesisTvis latviuri enis codnis donis gaumjobesebis gziT“. aRniSnuli miznis gansaxorcieleblad latviurenovani treningprogramebi uzrunvelyofdnen dawyebiT safexurze _ ori, xolo saSualo safexurze _ sami sagnis latviurad swavlebis meTodikis gaumjobesebas. 1996/1997 saswavlo wlebSi ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom miznad daisaxa umciresobebis skolebSi saswavlo procesis gaumjobeseba latviaSi arsebuli realobis Sesabamisad. samuSao jgufSi CrTes saerTaSoriso eqspertebi, umciresobebis skolebis direqtorebi, multilingvuri ganaTlebis specialistebi, romelTac hqondaT umciresobebis swavlebis kuTxiT gamocdileba miRebuli sxvadasxva evropul qveyanaSi. 1998 wlis maisSi mTavrobam daamtkica erovnuli saswavlo gegma, romelic gulisxmobda sxvadasxvaenovani skolebis latviur enaze TandaTanobiT gadasvlas da romelic dawerili iyo ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier, (gardamavali etapi moicavd 2004 wlamde periods). 1998 wlis noemberSi latviis parlamentma miiRo kanoni ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, romelic moicavda saganmanaTleblo programebs da bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebs eTnikuri umciresobebisTvis. skolis saSualo safexurze, romelic ar iyo savaldebulo, eTnikuri umciresobebisTvis saganmanaTleblo reformebi daiwyo 1995 wlidan da dasrulda 2007 wlisaTvis. 1995/1996 wlebidan moyolebuli, saSualo safexurze sami sagani iswavleba latviurad, aseve, 2004/2005 wlebidan eTnikuri umciresobebis skolebSi, romlebic saxelmwifos daqvemdebarebaSia, me-10 - me-12 klasebSi saganTa 60% iswavleba latviur enaze, xolo 40% _ umciresobebis enaze. maSinac da dResac SesaZlebelia ganaTlebis miReba mxolod latviurad, iseve, rogorc bilingvuri ganaTlebis gziT. 43
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges 2007 wlidan eTnikuri umciresobebis saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi meTormete klasis moswavleebi testebs abareben latviurad, Tumca maT aqvT aseve SesaZlebloba, airCion rusuli ena. mxolod 2007/2008 saswavlo wlidan xdeba eTnikuri umciresobebis saganmanaTleblo programebis srulad ganxorcieleba pirvelidan meTormete klasis CaTvliT. latviaSi ganxorcielebuli multilingvuri ganaTlebis reforma eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom warmatebulia da is SesaZloa kargi magaliTi iyos sxva postsabWoTa qveynebisaTvis. unda iTqvas isic, rom umciresobebis ganaTlebisa da integraciis sakiTxebSi Carevam gamoiwvia protesti, romelmac 2003 wels piks miaRwia, rodesac politikurma partiam „adaminis uflebebi damoukidebel latviaSi“ da axladSeqmnilma rusulenovanma skolam daiwyes saprotesto aqciebi latviaSi. Sedegad _ 2004 wlis TebervalSi, ganaTlebis kanoni Seicvala romlis mixedviTac saganTa 60% iyo latviur enaze xolo danarCeni 40% eTnukuri umciresobebis mSobliur enaze. SekiTxva - ratom gaxda aucilebeli latviaSi eTnikuri umciresobebis ganaTlebis reforma, latviis mTavrobas aqvs Semdegi pozicia: axali enis kanoniT, latviuri ena gaxda savaldebulo rogorc umravlesobebis aseve umciresobebis skolebisTvis, rogorc sajaro, aseve kerZo skolebSi. am reformis gatareba ki ganapiroba Tanabari samuSao da saganmanaTleblo SesaZleblobebis Seqmnis survilma. bilingvuri ganaTleba aris upiratesoba umciresobebis skolebisTvis, radgan igi iZleva saSualebas, latviuri ena iswavlebodes ara rogorc erTi rigiTi sagani, aramed saganTa garkveuli jgufis swavlis SesaZleblobas iZleva saxelmwifo enaze. meore enis dauflebisa da swavlebis kvleva meore enis dauflebis Teoriebis umravlesoba, romlebic funqcionirebs latviaSi, zogierT SemTxvevaSi warmoadgens winaswar SemuSavebul gegmas, ganxorcielebuls praqtikaSi, xolo umeteswilad es strategiebi SemuSavebulia romelime sxva qveyanaSi da gamoiyeneba fragmentulad an nawilobriv, ise, rom ar aris srulad dakavSirebuli Teoriis avtorTan an Teoriis pirvandel variantTan. gansakuTrebiT 80-90-iani wlebi iyo is periodi, roca pirvelad daiwyo msgavsi Teoriebisa da meTodebis SemuSaveba, Tumca profesionalur doneze msgavsi Teoriebi mogvianebiT ganviTarda. latviis SemTxveva aris postsabWoTa qveynebis msgavsi, Tumca, sakmaod gansxvavdeba evropis sxva qveynebisgan, amitom SeuZlebeli iyo sxva evropuli qveynebis gamocdilebis srulad gaziareba (an plagiati). magaliTad, 80-iani wlebis miwuruls latvielma maswavlebleblebma danerges komunikaciuri midgoma, romelic ukavSiredeboda rus lingvists j. pasovs. mogvianebiT latvieli meTodistebi xumrobdnen, rom „mxolod „rkinis fardis“ ganadgurebis Semdeg aRmovaCineT, rom xelisufleba iyo meTodebis kargi mTargmneli“. igive problema warmoCinda, roca ukanasknel wlebSi evropeli eqspertebi estumrnen latvias saerTaSoriso proeqtis `tempusis~ farglebSi, romelTac gamoTqves azri, rom saswavlo masala da `hendautebi~ SemuSavebuli iyo konteqstisa da yovelgvari miTiTebebis gauTvaliswineblad. me Sevecdebi ganvixilo meore enis swavlebis ramdenime kvleva im dokumentebze dayrdnobiT, romlebic SemorCa. yuradRebas gavamaxvileb ramdenime maTganze: � pirveli da meore enis dauflebis Sedareba da kontrastuloba. 44
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REFERENCES saxelmwifo enis swavlebi
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