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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges moerios, cdilobs izolaciidan Tavis daRwevas TanatolebTan urTierTobebis da yuradRebis centrSi moxvedris meSveobiT, (Tumca moswavleebis swavlis procesi yovelTvis ar Seesabameba dadgenil kulturul normebs) (anspoka, Silinaiasukevica, 2006). moswavleTa lingvisturi problemebi yovelTvis individualuri da mravalferovania. moswavleebi, romelic iwyeben swavlas saxelmwifo enaze SesaZloa daiyos or jgufad: maTi erTi nawili latviurs swavlobs rogorc mSobliur enas, xolo moere nawili - rogorc meore enas an zogjer rogorc ucno enas. latviuris, rogorc meore enis swavla exebaT im moswavleebs, romlebic Tavis mSoblebTan erTad dabrundnen evropis qveynebidan, maTi mSoblebis samuSo kontraqtis sasrulebis gamo an im mSoblebis Svilebi, romlebic miekuTvnebian mesame msoflios qveynebs (countries of the third world). es moswavleebi latviur enas euflebian sxvadasxva sagnebis swavliT submersiis modelis mixedviT. empiriuli dakvirvebebidan Cans, rom moswavleebi gansxvavebuli praqtikuli gamocdilebidan gamomdinare floben gansxvavebulad mosmenis, saubris, kiTxvis da weris unarebs. lingvisturi problemebi umciresobebis studentebs awuxebT aramarto gansxvavebuli Sinaarsis masalis swavlis gamo, aramed maTi gagebis, analizis, informaciis klasifikaciis, movlenebis aRqmis unaric gansxvavebulia, am procesSi mniSvnelovania dialogi maswavlebelsa da moaswavles Soris arsebuli problemebis dasaZlevad. umciresobebis moswavleebs Soris arian iseTebic, romelnic advilad axdenen gadasvlas mSobliuri enidan latviur enaze, Tumca arseboben iseTebic romelTa cnobierebaSi xdeba enis kodebis aRreva, rac xSirad SesamCnevi xdeba zepiri saubris dros, sityvebSi, frazebSi, winadadebis struqturaSi da gramatikul formebSi. kodebis aRreva gamowveulia mosaubris mier arasakmarisi sametyvelo unarebis, dabali motivaciis an sxva mizezebis gamo. roca umciresobebis moswavleebi muSaoben teqstTan aqvT Secdomebi maTi kulturuli maxasiaTeblebidan gamomdinare, rac xels uSlis teqstis Sinaarsis gagebas. umciresobebis moswavleebi mets fiqroben TiToeul sityvaze da iwvevs Sinaarsis dakargvas da azris gafantvas. sakmaod xSirad umciresobebis moswavleebi sagnebisa da movlenebis daxasiaTebisas iyeneben yoveldRiur sityvebs araformaluri metyvelebidan TanatolebTan da skolis gareT komunikaciisaTvis, radgan maTi sityvaTa maragi ar Seicavs formaluri da literaturuli enisTvis saWiro marags. umciresobebis moswavleebs xSirad ar SeuZliaT upasuxon dasmul SekiTxvas an raime ambavi gadmoscen narativis formiT. am SemTxvevaSi Cven gvmarTebs sifrTxile raTa gavarkvioT aris es enobrivi kompetenciis Sedegi Tu moswavle ver flobs sakmaris informaciasa da codnas Sesabamis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. umciresobebis moswavleebs SeuZliaT dauSvan Secdoma lingvisturi dabrkolebebis gamo. magaliTad latviuri sityvebs ayalibeben mSobliuri enis modelis mixedviT. respondentTa 49.9% -s ar aqvs srulfasovani codna latviuri kulturisa da istoriis Sesaxeb, ras arTulebs magaliTad folkloruli teqstis, andazebisa an gamonaTqvamebis gagebas. imavdroulad, umciresobebis moswavleebi xSirad ar floben codnas da informacias arc Tavis sakuTar enaze da kulturaze da xdebian latviuri tradiciebis matarebelni yovelgvari kritikis gareSe, ris gamoc isini arian asimilaciis an winaaRmdegobebis safrTxis qveS da yalibdeba araSemwynarebluri damokidebuleba sxvisi tradiciebisa da kulturis mimarT (anspoka, Silinaiasiukevica, 2006). respondentTa 17.8%-sgan miRebuli Sedegis safuZvelze problemebi eqmnebaT im monolingvali ojaxebidan gamosul bavSvebs, umTavresad rusulenovani ojaxebis 35
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges Svilebs, romlebsac ar uvliaT latviurenovan sabavSo baRebSi. xSirad am bavSvebs arc SemdgomSi ar aqvT latviurenovani garemo skolis gareT, radgan ojaxis wevrebis sakomunikacio enas warmoadgens rusuli, uyureben ZiriTadad rusulenovan gadacemebs, kiTxuloben rusulenovan Jurnal-gazeTebs, aqvT mWidro kulturuli urTierToba ruseTTan, garda amisa mSoblebs ar SeuZliaT daexmaron mSvilebs saSinao davalebis momzadebaSi, radgan maTi sametyvelo leqsika metad mwiri da Raribulia, garda imisa rom ver floben Sesabamis weriT da kiTxviT unarebs saxelmwifo enaSi. Tu ki moswavles aqvs swavlis motivacia, mxardaWera unda iyos ojaxidanac. gamokiTxul pedagogTa 42.2%-ma aRniSna, rom Tu umciresobebisa da umravlesobis moswavleebs Soris skolis dawyebiT safexurze didi gansxvavebaa latviuri enis flobisa da swavlis unarebis mxriv, sabazo safexurze xdeba Sedegebis dabalanseba da gansxvaveba umniSvneloa. Zalian xSirad umciresobebis moswavleebi, romlebic TandaTan xdebian bilingvalebi met Sedegs aRweven swavlaSi da maTi gamocdileba sxvadasxva sakiTxebTan mimarTeviT aris ufro farTo da Rrma codnaze dafuZnebuli, radgan isini aramxolod or enas iyeneben aramed maT aqvT ori an meti enisa da kulturis SegrZnebis unari (anspoka, Silina-iasiukevica, 2006; Sustersi, golubeva, kovalenko, Strode, 2006). maswavleblebisTvis arsebobs garkveuli problemebi, romelic ukavSirdeba multikulturul garemoSi bilingval moswavleebTan muSaobas latviuri enis swavlebis procesSi. ena ar aris mxolod komunikaciis saSualeba, aramed is aseve gulisxmobs azrebis ise gamoxatvas, rom msmenelamde mivides ise rogorc mTxrobeli fiqrobs. sityvebis mniSvnelobis gaanalizeba, enis meSveobiT kulturuli Rirebulebebis gaziareba, es niSnavs rom individs aqvs unari multikulturul dialogSi sakuTari naazrevis saTanadod gamoxatvisa da msmenelamde mitanisa. standartisa da programis mixedviT enis swavla ar isaxavs miznad mxolod komunikaciisTvis saWiro unarebis ganviTarebas an mxolod gamarTuli komunikaciisTvis saWiro gramatikuli formebis SeTvisebas, aramed enis meSveobiT konkretuli kulturuli da erovnuli Taviseburebebisa da materialur-sulieri Tu kulturuli Rirebulebebis SeZena xdeba. enis meSveobiT moswavle werilobiT an zepirad gamoxatavs Tavis damokidebulebebs, warmoaCens mis Rirebulebebs sxvadasxva sakiTxis irgvliv. komunikaciis procesSi moswavle avlens mis kulturas konkretuli enis daxmarebiT, iZens axal gamocdilebas sxva kulturuli faseulobebis da memkvidreobis gacnobis procesSi. ena naazrevis gamoxatvis saSualebaa, romelis mizania individebis identobis mimReoba da TanamSromloba mravalferovan samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi (anspoka, 2008). ena ar mxolod kulturul identobas gansazRvravs, aramed asaxavs kulturas. romelime konkretuli ena SesaZloa ver iqnes gagebuli da aTvisebuli kulturuli fesvebisa da warsuli istoriis codnis gareSe. kultura SesaZloa moicavdes enis swavlis process, rogorc enis swavlis erT-erTi fundamentur komponents. is unda iyos aRqmuli, rogorc enis swavlis ganuyofeli nawili, radgan gansazRvravs komunikaciis da SeZenili enis gamoyenebis xarisxs. kulturuli fenomenis gagebis unaris ganviTareba saSualebas aZlevs moswavles ukeT Cawvdes lingvistur struqturas, enisa da kulturis Tanadroulad daufleba mkafiod gansazRvravs pirovnebis sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebis xelSewyobas. (krasneri,1999; gidensi, 2003; vigocki, 1997). erT-erTi mTavari aspeqtia pedagogis roli enis swavlis procesSi, raTa daexmaros moswavles imis gacnobierebaSi, rom ena ufro metia vidre simboloebis ganyenebuli sistema; rom enis swavla xdeba gansxvavebuli kulturis codnis gaRrmavebis procesis paralelurad. 36
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Ekaterina Protassova University of
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Plurilingualism and plurilingual co
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REFERENCES saxelmwifo enis swavlebi
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Irine Shubitidze CCIIR, Tbilisi, Ge
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