Untitled

saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi:
problemebi da gamowvevebi
Issues of State Language Teaching;
Problems and Challenges
Preposition –ёd is only attached to the nouns and just in Nominative case. The inclusion of other word between
it and noun is inadmissible (2.296).
Preposition ёd in Ossetian is known as non-productive preposition and ёnё – as productive (5.48).
It must be noted that the suffixes – ian, osan, ovan, ier which indicate possession in Georgian, in Osetian
correspond to the suffix –djyn; cf.,: dur-djyn – qviani (stony); fyd-djyn – xorciani (with meat).
ёnё – u – o; ёnё-zёnёg –u-svil-o (childless); ёnё-mat – u-dard-o (light-hearted).
Preposition ёnё with nouns takes Nominative case (this preposition by its meaning is close to separately
standing Georgian preposition – gareshe (without):
Unlike ёd preposition, between preposition ёnё and a word accompanying it sometimes a modifier can
stand, including pronoun too (3.296).
Here it should be noted that in Ossetic preposition ёnё is sometimes substituted with its shortened variant ё
that is used with the same meaning (denotes lack of something) (3.678). ё -dzar – u- saxlkar-o (homeless); ё -
dyx – u-gon-o (feable).
Besides this, some researchers into Ossetian language single out the third preposition fёinё, which expresses
semantics of quantity [7.235]. The preposition fёinё (by its meaning approximates to – tito an erti…(erti
xuti, erti oci, erti sami vashli momca) mostly takes Nominative case, although it is also found in other cases.
One syllable prepositions –vit, -tan, -ze, -shi, -tvis-gan (dan) in Georgian merge with noun. Such kind of
prepositions are absent in Ossetian language. The function of these prepositions in Ossetic is fulfilled by certain
case markers (and not prepositions).
Cf.: zadzёrau –saxlivit (as house); xadzёrёi – saxlidan (from house).
-gan prepositional (Gen. amxanagisa-gan “from the friend’) and -dan/idan prepositional
(Instr.cyaro-dan “from the spring”; sopli-dan “from the village’) nouns in Georgian have questions
different from each other: From whom? Where from?
Both of these varieties in Ossetian are rendered with one form of Genitive case. There are also cases when
one preposition in Georgian has two equivalents in Ossetic.
E.g.: another form of sopelshi cavedi – x’autam acydtan (has gone to the country) is sopelshi var – x’ёuty
dёn (I am in the country); preposition-shi is used in Georgian during static and dynamic. In Ossetian these
forms are rendered with different case forms ; x’autam – sopelshi mivdivar; x’ёuty – sopelshi var.
In Russian: v shkole (naxoditsya) “is at school”
v shkolu (xodit) “goes to school”.
Presumably, in Ossetian at an early stage of its evolution compared to the present day more prepositions
must have been. This supposition is attested by some forms preserved in Digor dialect of the Ossetian language
a part of which has been established in literary language too. The example of this seems to be:
Raz-darёn “cinsapari” (an apron); dёl-bazyr “frtebs kvesh” (under wings); dёl-barad “damokidebuleba”
(dependence); uёl-arv “zeca” (the sky).
As is seen the function of some prepositions in Georgian is fulfilled by preposition and postposition in
Ossetian. In some cases Georgian prepositional form is rendered in Ossetian with case marker. It should be
also taken into account that in Ossetian the verb cannot express possession-designation relationship without
help of other parts of speech. This is especially evident in relation to Georgian, where the verb in the majority
of cases renders these forms with certain markers. During translation from Ossetic into Georgian it is necessary
to render these forms by relevant version form (saxli avishene “I have built the house” and not saxli
avishene chemtvis”I have built the house for myself”).
Thus, during bilingual teaching it is necessary to study the course of comparative grammar of target languages,
familiarization with phonetic, morphological, syntactical or other peculiarities of target languages that
will be of great assistance to the listeners and persons interested in learning these languages to master them
successfully.
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