Untitled

saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi:
problemebi da gamowvevebi
Issues of State Language Teaching;
Problems and Challenges
Rusudan Saginadze
AkakiTsereteli State University, Kutaisi, Georgia
Harun Chimke
Black Sea International University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Expression of -ze and -shi propositions in Georgian
and its counterparts in Turkish Language
ABSTRACT
In Georgian language preposition has various different functions. It describes subject’s place, direction,
similarity, time, compartment and other. Prepositions in Georgian have the similar functions as the prepositions
in other languages (Ar. Martirosov) or some cases marks. For learning some language one of
the most important problem is transmitting of -ze and -shi.
During using -ze and -shi prefixes as in Georgian language, so in Turkish-speaking Georgian and Georgian-speaking
Turkish communicator there are some problems.
Georgian -ze and -shi prepositions in Turkish language present independent cases marks, particularly,
when it is described some direction, so there is given the case mark (-e); but if it is given some location
there is mark (-de). Rarely can be used changing case mark (-den). For example: Ben eve gidiorum (I
am going home) – given case; Ben evdeyim (I am at home) – location case; Pencereden baksin (He
must look out) – changing case.
In Georgian language -shi describes introverted space, -ze – surface (Ak. Shanidze). For Georgian language
learner Turkish is clearly the phrases: He is sitting in the bed – He is sitting on the bed. Also as –
Going to the sea (swim) – Going on the sea (rest); I am on the mountain (climb) – I am in the mountain
(walk). There are some problems too: I am at the department (go there) – not: I am in the department
(go) in Georgian; I am on my exam (go there); I am on my lecture (go). Turkish says: I am in the department,
in the exam, in the lecture (come in).
There are some based explains for the mistakes of Georgian language learner Turkish:
1) Transmitting of the non-direct meanings: I was in picnics; Recording in the tape...
2) Understanding of “surface” meanings: On the face, On the head, On the back...hitting...
3) Mixing of -ze and -shi prepositions: I watched you on television; I saw a bag painting on the
journal; I go on 15, April...
4) Analogy: On the evening I must study; Sit down in the armchair (on the chair, On the desk,
On the sofa sitting); I didn’t look on the watch (don’t look at watch)...
According all of it, it is very important to pay more attention to such problem during learning
as Georgian, so Turkish language.
In Georgian language postposition has various different functions. It describes subject’s place, direction,
similarity, time, compartment and other. Postpositions in Georgian have the similar functions as the
prepositions in other languages (Martirosov, 1946, 203) or some case marks. For learning some language one
of the most important problem is transmitting of -ze and -shi.
The function of შინა - shina postposition was more distinct in Old Georgian. For example: ikopoda
Mtskhetasa shina (he was in Mtskheta (place) or tsaremarta Mtskhetas (he went to Mtskheta (direction))
(Saginadze, 2008, 66). As for -ზე - ze postposition, its lexical meaning has changed significantly from V-XI
centuries till now. It has been enriched functionally as well. In modern Georgian, the dative case added on –ze
postposition may express:interest, addressee, collectivism, destination, instrumentalis, resemblance, in succession,
exception, direction, localization, location, on the surface, closeness, relative time e. c. t.
According to Martisov, postpositions in Georgian play the same role as prepositions in other Languages.
The interesting point is that the Turkish equivalents of Georgian -shi and –ze propositions are independent
case signs and mainly, in case of direction there is an equivalent dative case sign, in case of place-location
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