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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges apolon silagaZe, nino ejibaZe ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, saqarTvelo arabuli (egvipturi) bilingvizmi da swavlebis problema abstraqti arabul samyaroSi, kerZod egvipteSi, lingvisturi situacia diglosiuria. mosaxleobis nawilisTvis igi bilingvuria; es aris sazogadoebis is fena, romelic flobs inglisurs. mdgomareobis specifika isaa, rom pirvel enad am sazogadoebas aqvs mocemuli egvipturiს dialeqti da ara saliteraturo arabuli, romelsac igi ar flobs, _ mis Seswavlas igi iwyebs faqtobrivad nulidan, rogorc ucxoeli. arabuli diglosia, aris ra saliteraturo da sasaubro enebis bunebrivi Tanaarseboba, specifikurobas imaSi amJRavnebs, rom Tu erT mxares gvaqvs dialeqtTa gansakuTrebuli mravalferovneba, pirvel (saliteraturo enis) mxares gvaqvs ori ena _ klasikuri (fuóçā) da Tanamedrove (standard). pirveli mxolod samwignobro enaa, meores sruli funqcia aqvs, Tumca misi sakomunikacio daniSnuleba Zalze SezRudulia. kidev erT sirTules is warmoadgens, rom saliteraturo standart-enas ar aqvs sakuTari grafikuli da orTografiuli sistema da, rodesac iyenebs klasikurs, ar/ver aRniSnavs sakuTar Taviseburebebs. saboloo Sedegi _ saliteraturo arabulis arcodna an susti codna _ aisaxeba swavlebis praqtikaSi. rodesac umaRles saswavlebelSi students eswavleba saliteraturo arabuli, gamomdinare bilingvuri situaciis Taviseburebebidan, ikiTxeba kodis permanentuli interlingvuri gadarTvis reJimSi, rodesac ZiriTad sakomunikacio enas warmoadgens ara saliteraturo arabuli, aramed egvipturi dialeqti, xolo kodis gadarTvis mudmiv obieqts _ inglisuri ena. am ukanasknel garemoebas sxvadasxva faqtori ganapirobebs. zogadad arabul samyaroSi, kerZod ki egvipteSi, lingvisturi situacia rTulia da, Cveulebriv, fasdeba rogorc diglosiuri. amave dros, mosaxleobis garkveuli nawilisTvis realobaa ara mxolod diglosia, aramed bilingvizmic. fergiusonis ganmartebiT, diglosia aris “SedarebiT stabiluri enobrivi situacia, sadac enis pirvelad dialeqtebTan erTad (romlebic, SesaZloa, standartul an regionul standartul enobriv formebsac Seicavdnen), funqcionirebs agreTve Zalian gansxvavebuli, maRal doneze kodirebuli (xSirad gramatikulad bevrad ufro rTuli), an ufro adrindeli periodis, an sxva sasaubro sazogadoebis enobrivi varianti, soliduri werilobiTi literaturis gamoxatvis saSualeba, romelsac ZiriTadad formaluri ganaTlebis mqone adamianebi floben da romelsac gamoiyeneben werilobiTi an oficialuri miznebisTvis, magram romelic ar gamoiyeneba mocemuli sazogadoebis arc erTi seqtoris mier Cveulebrivi saubrebisas” (fergiusoni, 1971:16). diglosiis dros saqme gvaqvs movlenasTan, rodesac ori lingvisturi forma erTmaneTis mimarT subordinaciul damokidebulebaSia. egviptisa da, zogadad, arabuli qveynebis SemTxvevaSi, enis maRal, prestiJul variants warmoadgens saliteraturo arabuli, xolo SedarebiT dabali statusis formas _ adgilobrivi dialeqtebi. enobriv situacias arabul samyaroSi diglosiurad afaseben, magram zogi avtori (kei, 1994, gv. 47) Tvlis, rom sinamdvileSi aris `bevri arabuli~ (Many Arabics), xolo lingvisturi situacia arabul samyaroSi multiglosiuria. 61
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges sakiTxisadmi aseTi midgoma marTlac axlosaa realur suraTTan: kairoSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, zogadi lingvisturi situacia diglosiurs ar scildeba, Tu CavTvliT, rom aq mxolod ori lingvisturi erTeuli upirispirdeba erTmaneTs - kairos kilokavi da saliteraturo arabuli. periferiebSi mdgomareoba sxvagvaria: TiToeul sofels aqvs Tavisi adgilobrivi kilokavi, amasTan, mosaxleobis didi nawili flobs raionul centrSi gavrcelebul kilokavs. adgilobriv mosaxleebs aseve aqvT kavSiri mezobeli soflebis mcxovreblebTan, da, Sesabamisad, maT kilokavebsac floben. maT umravlesobas sxvadasxva saqmis gamo periodulad uwevs kairoSi Casvlac da kairos metyvelebasac ecnobian. Tu aseTi soflis mkvidrma saliteraturo arabulic iswavla (an amis gareSec), poliglosia saxeze gvaqvs. magram esec ar aris lingvisturi siWrelis umaRlesi magaliTi. garda teritoriuli dialeqtebisa da saliteraturo arabulisa, gvaqvs mesame enobrivi konglomeratic: e.w. standartuli arabuli (ejibaZe, 2010, gv. 22-23). amasTan, aq CvenTvis principuli mniSvneloba aqvs, rom saliteraturo arabuli, miuxedavad imisa, rom swored is warmoadgens maRali statusis mqone formas, arc erTi arabis mSobliuri ena araa, mas arasdros iyeneben araformaluri saubrebisas. bilingvuri situaciis dros saqme gvaqvs or, erTmaneTis mimarT Tanabari statusis mqone enobriv formasTan, xSirad, sxvadasxva enobrivi sivrcis kuTvnilebasTan. egviptis SemTxvevaSi, bolo saukuneebis diaqroniaSi, es iyo, erTi mxriv, arabuli, xolo, meore mxriv, istoriuli realiebis cvlilebasTan damokidebulebaSi _ Turquli, franguli, an, dRevandelobis SemTxvevaSi, inglisuri. egviptis istorias axsovs iseTi periodebi, rodesac adgilobrivma, ukve saukuneebis manZilze arabizebulma, mosaxleobam, ufro zustad misma aristokratulma nawilma, arc ki icoda arabuli, iRebda ganaTlebas, magaliTad, Turqulad, da metyvelebda Turqulad. es faqti did problemas qmnida mosaxleobis sxvadasxva socialuri fenis warmomadgenelTa urTierTobisas, radgan misma dabalma, gaunaTlebelma nawilma (aseTi ki XXI saukunis egvipteSic mravlad moiZebneba) icoda mxolod Tavisi mSobliuri egvipturi dialeqti. situacia Seicvala muhamed alis reformebis Semdeg, rodesac orientacia aRebul iqna evropaze. maRali socialuri fenis warmomadgenlebi, aseve, niWieri Raribi axalgazrdebic, ganaTlebas evropaSi, ZiriTadad, safrangeTSi, Semdeg _ inglisSi iRebdnen. Sedegad, egviptis sinamdvileSi SeiWra axali lingvisturi formati. dRevandeli sinamdvilis poziciidan, imis Tqma, rom mTlianad egvipteSi bilingvuri situaciaa, ar iqneba zusti. magram mosaxleobis erTi fenisTvis situacia marTlac kompleqsuria: erTi mxriv _ bilingvuri, meore mxriv _ diglosiuric. esaa mosaxleobis is nawili, romelic evropul, dReis mdgomareobiT, inglisurenovan ganaTlebas iRebs. Sedegad, egvipteSi gazrdili axalgazrda flobs inglisur (da zogjer sxva evropulsac) enas srulyofilad, aseve flobs kairos kilokavs (egviptis arabuli dialeqtis erTgvar standartul variants), rac erTmaneTTan sinTezSi iZleva bilingvur situacias. meore mxriv, am axalgazrdebs uwevT cxovreba diglosiur sazogadoebaSi, sadac diglosiis ganmapirobebeli faqtoria am dialeqtisa da saliteraturo arabulis Sepirispireba. praqtika aCvenebs, rom aseTi axalgazrdobis udidesma nawilma Zalian sustad icis saliteraturo arabuli, radgan es is enaa, romelsac arabi bavSvebi skolebSi swavloben, xolo egviptis axalgazrdobis mocemuli nawili skolaSi evropul enebs ufro maRal doneze swavlobdnen, vidre arabuls. isini ganaTlebas agrZeleben evropul an amerikul universitetebSi, da Tu es umaRlesi dawesebuleba egviptis teritoriazea, maT sauniversiteto ganaTlebisas uwevT saliteraturo arabulis Seswavla, rac did problemebs uqmniT xolme. isini, vinc mSobliuris statusiT floben arabuli enis erT formas _ dialeqts (kerZod, 62
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ekaterina protasova helsinkis unive
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a. passionate b. Pathetic c. enthus
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Ekaterina Protassova University of
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Dace Dalbina, Vineta Vaivade Latvia
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Plurilingualism and plurilingual co
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REFERENCES saxelmwifo enis swavlebi
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Irine Shubitidze CCIIR, Tbilisi, Ge
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� Creates opportunities for pract
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Tinatin Kiguradze Ilia State Univer
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