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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges avTenturi teqstebis miznobrivi gamoyeneba, xels Seuwyobs rogorc enobrivi kompetenciis ganviTarebas aseve kulturisa da tradiciebis Sesaxeb informaciis miRebas, verbaluri da araverbaluri komunikaciis ganviTarebas, rac, Tavis mxriv, moswavleebs daexmareba sxvadasxva kulturisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli simboloebisa da konteqstis gagebaSi. imavdroulad pedagogebis yuradRebis miRma ar unda darCes gramatikuli sistemis swavla, romelic aseve aranakleb mniSvnelovania zepiri an werilobiT azris srulyofilad gamosaxatavad. rogorc zemoT aRniSnulidan Cans, dadebiTi SedegisTvis sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania enis SeTvisebis procesi ar iyos gancalkevebuli komunikaciuri kulturis Seswavlisagan. enis floba interkulturuli dialogisTvis iseve mniSvnelovania srulyofili zepiri da werilobiTi naazrevis gamosaxatavad, rogorc sxvisi naazrevis, sityvaTa wyobis, frazebis, gamoTqmebis gagebis da gaanalizebisTvis. Catarebulma kvlevebma aCvena ramdenime problema, romelic pedagogikas ukavSirdeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom maswavlebelTa 85% pativs scems umciresobebis moswavleebisa da maTi mSoblebis arCevans iswavlon latviurenovan skolebSi, maswavleblebis muSaoba TandaTanobiT rTuldeba mravalferovani klasSi. imisaTvis rom Tavidan iqnes acilebuli moswavleebis asimilacia aucilebelia pedagogma maTi identobis, enisa da kulturis SenarCunebas da ganviTarebas SevuwyoT xeli. saganmanaTleblo procesSi sulieri Rirebulebebis SeZena xdeba moswavlis mier maswavleblis daxmarebiT. es moicavs codnas, unarebs, gonebriv ganviTarebas, moralur Tu sxva maxasiaTeblebs, romelic qmnis erT kerZo kulturas. sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania maswavleblis mxridan gaazreba masze dakisrebuli movaleobisa mravalkulturuli sazogadoebis Senebis proesSi. moswavleebisTvis aucilebelia kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTareba, raTa damoukideblad SeZlon dRes msoflioSi arsebuli gamowvevebis da maT garSemo arsebuli problemebis gadaWra. maswavleblebi unda iswrafodnen yvela moswavleSi akademiuri unarebis Tanabrad ganviTarebisaken, romelic daexmareba maT SeZenili codna gamoiyenon sazogadoebaSi advilad integraciisaTvis. (banki, 2005; ramsei, 2004; zogla, 2001; harmeri, blanki, 2000). maswavleblebis warmatebas ganapirobebs misi zogadi inteleqti, sagnis codna, gakveTilis warmarTvis swori menejmenti, komunikacia moswavleebTan, mSoblebTan da a.S. didi yuradReba eqceva pedagogTa emociur da fsiqologiur mdgomareobas, roca saqme exleba eTnikurad da lingvisturad mravalferovan garemoSi muSaobas, iseve rogorc gakveTilis struqturas, rogorc swavlebis erT_erT formas da maswavleblis, rogorc xelmZRvanelis maxasiaTeblebs. erT-erTi kriteriumi pedagogis profesionalizmis gazomvisa aris misi zogadi inteleqtis done (IQ), romelSic moicavs maswavleblis fsiqologiur, pedagogiur da samoqalaqo mzaobas, miuxedavad maTi socialuri Rirebulebebis masStabebisa, idealebisa, qcevis normebisa. swored amis naTeli dasturia latvielebis praqtikuli, mravalwliani gamocdilebac. Tu Cven gvsurs moswavle movamzadoT demokratiul sazogadoebSi cxovrebisa da TviTgadarCenisaTvis, maswavlebelma xeli unda Seuwyos maTi cnobierebis amaRlebas kulturuli mravalferovnebisaTvis. ufro metic, maswavlebelma winaswar unda ganxazRvros moswavleebis sworad ganviTarebis strategia, romelic Tanabrad Seuwyobs xels maT fsiqikur, inteleqtualur da socialur ganviTarebas. metad mniSvnelovania maswavleblis pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi (mgrZnobeloba, tolerantoba, moTmineba) misi warmatebuli profesiuli saqmianobisTvis mravaleTnikur da multilingvur klasSi muSaobisas. es damokidebulia maswavleblis pirad gamocdilebaze Tu rogor emociur klimats Seqmnis 37
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges mravalferovan jgufSi. Tu pozitiuri emocia Warbobs samuSao jgufSi maswavleblis mier miwodebul masalas udro swrafad da Rrmad iTvisebs moswavle. Eemociebi axdenen zemoqmedebas tvinis muSaobis, maxsovrobis da fsiqologiur procesebze. Hheterogenul garemoSi zogierTi moswavle SesaZloa yuradRebas amaxvilebdes Sinaarsze, zogi formaze, imis mixedviT Tu rogoria moswavlis emociuri an fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba. (muSi, 2004; sousa, 2001; ramsei, 2004). maswavleblis maRali profesiuli kompetencia vlindeba mis mier dagegmili da warmarTuli pedagogiuri moRvaweobis Sesabamisad. kvlevebma aCvena, rom maswavleblebi, romlebic nawilobriv maic icnoben erovnul standarts, qmnian kargad struqturirebul programas da SesaZlebeli xdeba moswavle-maswavleblis TanamSromloba, advildeba sasurveli programis povna romelic daaregulirebs saganmanaTleblo process da daexmareba profesiuli saqmianobis ukeT warmarTvaSi. meore mxriv SesaZloa arsebobdes garkveuli riskebi Tu sxvebis gamocdileba da sxvadasxva modelebi pirdapir iqneba gadmotanili da ar moxdeba konkretuli garemos gaTvaliswineba. erT-erTi kriteriumi pedagogis sagnobrivi kvalifikaciisa aris unari, masalis Sesabamisad SearCios swavlebis meTodi Sinaarsis sworad gaazrebisaTvis. erTi mxrov swavla-swavleba eTnikurad da lingvisturad mravalferovan garemoSi gulisxmobs mxedvelobaSi iqnes miRebuli TiToeuli moswavlis kulturuli Tavisebureba, meore mxriv gakeTdes garkveuli dakvirvebebi da paralelebi mravalferovan kulturebs Soris msgavsebisa da gansxvavebebis gasamijnad. yvela moswavle unda grZnobdes Tanadgomasa da daxmarebas miuxedavad maTi eTnikuri warmoSobisa. lingvisturi saqmianobis gamocdileba latviaSi, romelic gulisxmobs Sinaarsze dayrdnobiT sxvadasxva sagnis swavlas, miuTiTebs rom maswavleblebi saganmanaTleblo process gegmaven mravalferovani garemos gaTvaliswinebiT, moswavlis individualuri, kognituri, emociuri da socialuri maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT, gansakuTrebiT enis swavlis procesSi rac TavisTavad qmnis dadebiTi Sedegebis molodins. aswavlo ena gulisxmobs Seqmna swavlisTvis Sesaferisi garemo, romelic xels Seuwyobs komunikacias da enobrivi mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas. gramatikuli sistema SeuZlebelia iyos izolirebuli enis swavlis procesisgan. TiToeuli moswavlis daxmareba damokidebulia maswavleblis profesionalizmze, mis codnaze rogorc saganSi aseve sakiTxis irgvliv mis zogad ganaTlebaze. Aswavlebis procesSi maswavlebeli unda eyrdnobodes mis pirad gamocdilebasac. Tumca, misi gamocdileba SesaZloa gansxvavdebodes zogadad maswavleblis warmosaxvisgan nebismier sakiTxTan mimarTebiT. maswavleblis gamocdileba SesaZloa ar emTxveodes silabuss, saswavlo masalas an Temebis Tanmimdevrobas. pedagogi uxeSad ar unda Caerios roca moswavles aqvs SemuSavebuli sakuTari kiTxvis stili (gancalkevebuli cnebebis gageba da maTi definicia, sityvis aRqmis Cveva, iseve rogorc mTeli sakiTxisa, axalia informaciis gagebis unari mis gonebaSi ukve arsebuli informaciis safuZvelze da a.S), magram Tu moswavle cdilobs, misi Cvevebis ugulvebelyofiT daemorCilos maswavleblis yvela moTxovnas, warmoiSveba kognituri disonansi (areuloba). erT-erTi mniSvnelovani problemaa maswavlebelTa mxridan arasakmarisi TanamSromloba wminda sagnobrivi masalis gagebisa da aTvisebis procesSi. efeqturi komunikacia moiTxovs sakmarisi yuradReba mieqces rogorc verbalurad, ise araverbalurad gamoxatul azrs moswavlis mxridan. maswavleblis profesionalizmzea aseve damokidebuli gamoiyenos iseTi pedagogiuri midgomebi, romelic waaxalisebs da swavlis survils gauRviZebs moswavles. multikulturul klasSi maswavleblis emociuri da fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli roca xdeba klasis SerCeva, rogor 38
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a. passionate b. Pathetic c. enthus
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Ekaterina Protassova University of
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Plurilingualism and plurilingual co
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REFERENCES saxelmwifo enis swavlebi
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Irine Shubitidze CCIIR, Tbilisi, Ge
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