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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi:
problemebi da gamowvevebi
Issues of State Language Teaching;
Problems and Challenges
wignSi mocemulia qarTuli zmnis agebulebis zogadi sqema, romelSic
gamoyofilia 21 formanti: zmniswinebis sami jgufi (1 - wina-, ze-; 2 - da-, aR-, ga-, Se-,
wa-; 3 - mo-), subieqturi piris prefiqsi v-, obieqturi piris prefiqsebi (m-, g-, gv-, h), e.
w. maxasiaTebeli xmovnebi (xmovanprefiqsebi: a, e, i, u), mimReoburi prefiqsi „m“, Ziri
an martivi fuZe, fuZis savrcobi „a“, masdaris sufiqsebi (-om, -ol), vnebiTis sufiqsi
„-d“, awmyos fuZis formantebi (-eb, ob, -av-, -am, -i, -em, -of), kauzaciis niSnebi (-ev, -in),
kauzativis awmyos formanti -eb, mimReoburi sufiqsi -ar, pasivis formantebi awmyoSi
(-eb, -ev, -ob), prezensuli savrcobebi (-od, -d), CanarTi -n, mwkrivis niSnebi (-i, -o),
pirisa da ricxvis sufiqsebi (-s, a, -es, -nen), CanarTi -i, damxmare zmnebi (-a, -var, -
iyavi), ricxvis niSani (-T), iribi naTqvamis niSnebi (sxvaTa sityvis nawilakebi -o, Tqo).
sqemaSi CamoTvlilia Sesabamisi zmnebis TiTo magaliTi: Wam, davaxatvineb,
winaaRudgnen, (ra Zala) madgas, mohkvdomia, eRlabuceboda, dagvaTvalierebinebdnen,
gaviyinebi, Sevmcdariyavi, ubrZolniaT, daqaldao, dagixativarT, zewamoiWra,
mogvaSlevines, gamomiyvano-Tqo.
2006 wels gamoqveynda l. abulaZisa da a. ludenis saxelmZRvanelo, romelic
gamiznulia sametyvelo qarTuli enis dasaufleblad sasaubro teqstebis meSveobiT.
TandarTul gramatikul cnobarSi zmnebi dayofilia uRlebis sam tipad (prof. d.
meliqiSvilis diaTezebis Teoriis mixedviT):
1. pirveli uRleba: brunvacvalebadi subieqtis mqone gardamavali da gardauvali
zmnebi (e. w. aqtiuri saSuali zmnebi);
2. meore uRleba: ucvleli subieqtis mqone gardauvali (nasaxelari, nawarmoebi)
da pasiuri (dinamikuri, statikuri) zmnebi, aseve germanuli ukuqceviTi zmnebis
ekvivalenturi formebi;
3. mesame uRleba: micemiTbrunviani subieqtis mqone iribi anu inversiuli zmnebi.
meore uRlebis zmnebTan dakavSirebiT aRniSnulia, rom qarTul lingvistur
literaturaSi maT akuTvneben vnebiT gvars, Tumca ucxoels amis gageba uWirs, radgan
germanulad Targmnisas isini xSirad araa pasivebi (abulaZe, ludeni, 2006, gv. 204).
marTalia, gramatikuli cnobari arc ise vrcelia, magram kargadaa gadmocemuli
qarTuli enis specifika da zmnebis Taviseburebebi. saxelmZRvanelos avsebs Semdegi
zmnebis uRlebis nimuSebi (abulaZe, ludeni, 2006, gv. 245-323): aris, xatavs, ixateba,
(xatia), aqvs, hyavs, Svreba, unda, dgas, zis, midis, icis, uyvars, esmis, usmens, aZlevs,
kvdeba, eZebs, sZinavs, laparakobs, elaparakeba, ambobs, eubneba da sxv. miTiTebulia
masdarisa da mimReobis formebi.
2010 wels gamovida S. xotivari-iungeris, d. meliqiSvilisa da l. vitekis
„qarTuli zmnuri tabulebi“, romelSic gamoyofilia zmnebis 3tipi. wignis Teoriul
safuZvlad iqca zmnaTa dajgufeba sam diaTezad damana meliqiSvilis naSromebis
mixedviT, gansxvavebiT gvarebad dayofis principisagan. diaTeza emyareba rogorc
zmnis struqturas, ise mis konstruqcias, moicavs gvars, versias, konversiasa da
inversias, zmnaTa statikuroba-dinamikurobas, aseve iTvaliswinebs aqtantTa
brunvacvalebadobasa da semantikas.
wignSi 800 zmnasTan miTiTebulia uRlebis tipi da paradigma, Sesabamisi masdari,
ZiriTadi droiTi formebi (awmyo, aoristi, perfeqti anu I TurmeobiTi) da logikuri
subieqtis brunva. am monacemebis daxmarebiT SesaZlebelia sxva zmniswinebiT
nawarmoebi msgavsi struqturis zmnebis sworad uRleba. germanuli zmnebis anbanur
rigSi SeiZleba vipovoT Sesabamisi qarTuli zmna, davadginoT misi uRlebis tipi da
movZebnoT nimuSic. am indeqsaciiT ucxoeli advilad gaerkveva qarTuli zmnebis
sirTuleebSi, damoukideblad auRlebs da gamoiyenebs maT.
wignis ZiriTadi nawili zmnebis tabulebs ukavia (xotivari-iungeri da sxv., 2010,
gv. 30-95), Semdeg mocemulia paradigmebi diaTezebis mixedviT (iqve, gv. 95-137), bolos
ki - gansakuTrebul zmnaTa sia TargmaniTurT (iqve, gv. 137-160).
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