Untitled

saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi:
problemebi da gamowvevebi
Issues of State Language Teaching;
Problems and Challenges
tence – under the function of time or cause (Ertelishvili, 1963, p.177). It is the fact that using of the adverb
[rakhan] under meaning of time on the level of the modern actually does not even happen. It expresses only
the cause and, in spite of diachronically quite different function (to indicate the time), in the subordinate
clauses of adverbial modifiers of cause, beside the form of [radgan] (because) is functioning rather productively.
E.g.
“Towards the waves/ with breast streched/ moved, because / it looks like the newest/ book, just now/ written”:
Galaktioni, XI,25.
Compare: Having the function of time [ra khania] (too much time) [//What time];
“The statement has been submitted for too much time and he says all the time: tomorrow! Tomorrow!:
Galaktioni, XII, 367.
It is worth-mentioning the fact as well that mixing of expressing of the functions of cause and purpose we
should not consider as a phenomenon initiated on the modern stage. In one episode of the hagiographic work –
“The Life of Grigol Khanzteli “ (Xc.) we read:
“Not only the Episcopes of Kartli were very offended on the father of Mirian Arsena because of this reason,
so as without their wish he announced his son as a Katholkos with small support and blessing of some
Episcopes “ . (“Life of Khandzteli , 1946: 129).
“Than because of malicious intention he asked from this desired King his sister, Helen, because she was
known for her beauty and great kindness” (XVIIIc. “Martyrdrom of Luarsab, 1946; 410).
In both above-indicated examples usage of the –[tvis] (for) prepositional forms should be expressive of the
purpose of action, and here we deal with the cause, to which indicates on one hand the conjunction [rametu]
(so as), and on the other hand - the Noun – [mizezi[ ( cause). Thus, in Old Georgian and later literary language
indication of cause-purpose gives us quite inhomogeneous picture and in the process of complexity the
displacement of grammar means of cause and purpose is not strange really at all.
Thus, the chronic picture showed us clearly as well that depicting of functions of cause and purpose neither
on the level of old Georgian literary language was a regulated system. The preposition - -tvis] (for) having the
function of destination displaced easily the preposition [gamo] (because) itself was even somewhat oppressed
from the point of view of usage. [gamo ] indicates cause: because of illness, because of death, etc., sometimes
it is equal to about. Because of this case, because of negotiations, etc.” – writes Ak.Shanidze (Shanidze, 1980,
p.602).
The old-Georgian lingual data of displacement of –[gamo] (because) preposition by preposition [tvis] (for)
is one more proving of the fact that on various stages of development of the Georgian language the homogeneity
of expressive means of cause and purpose was enclosed within the admitted lingual semantic limits and
did not prevent the process of transmission of contents.
Thus, the modern case of using of correlates “[imitom//amitom” ] (because//that’s why) should be rather
considered as a phenomenon expressing the general tendency of the Georgian language than - as s specific
lingual violation of law. Today it has been become a common indicative adverb of function of cause and purpose,
actively participates in creation of contextual-syntactic structure both of one kind (purpose) and – the
other (cause) and in spite of prohibition of norms does not compromise his personal position.
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