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zenta anspoka dace dalbina vineta vaivade LVA, latvia saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges eTnikuri umciresobebis moswavleebi latviur skolebSi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Sesavali abstraqti kvlevis aqtualoba dakavSirebulia problemasTan, romelic gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani ukanaskneli 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi gaxda, radgan eTnikuri umciresobebis moswavleebis daaxloebiT 6% swavlas iwyebs latviurenovan skolebSi. es ricxvi gacilebiT metia latviurenovani skolebis saSualo safexurze. monolingvali ojaxebidan wamosuli moswavleebi swavloben harmoniul bilingvalebTan erTad (harmonic bilinguals) da im moswavleebTan erTad, romlebic TandaTanobiT xdebian Zlieri bilingvalebi, maT Soris arian aseve asimetriuli bilingvalebic (asymmetric bilinguals). maswavleblebi, romelTac aseT mravalferovan garemoSi uwevT swavleba saWiroeben profesiuli unarebisa da kompetenciis ganviTarebas-rogor imuSaon eTnikur umciresobebTan lingvisturad heterogenul (mravalferovan) klasSi. ganaTlebas udidesi roli ekisreba socialuri ganviTarebis, stabilurobis, integraciisa da enobrivad mravalferovani msoflio kapitalis ganviraebis xelSewyobis procesSi. skola aris garemo pirovnebis warmatebuli ganviTarebisaTvis Tanamedrove sazogadoebis axali standartebis Sesabamisad. swavla/swavlebis procesi zogadad moicavs inteleqtualuri, socialuri, fizikuri, emociuri, lingvisturi da moraluri SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebas efeqturad funqcionirebisTvis, rogorc individis ise farTo sazogadoebis doneze. ukanaskneli 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi moswavleebis raodenoba latviurenovan skolebSi TandaTanobiT izrdeba da es procesi ar aris dakavSirebuli latvielebis saerTo proporciebis zrdasTan. 2001 wlidan daaxloebiT umciresobebis moswavleebis 6%-ma swavla daiwyo latviurenovan skolebSi. gakveTilebi latviurenovan skolebSi TandaTanobiT xdeba ufro metad eTnikurad da lingvisturad heterogenuli (mravalferovani). sazogadoebriv-politikuri centris PROVIDUS-is mier Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad moswavleebis 19.3%-i skolis saSualo safexurze latviurs swavlobs, rogorc meore enas. yvelaze xSirad mSoblebi maTi Svilebis latviurenovan skolebSi gagzavnis argumentad asaxeleben Semdegs: sazogadoebaSi integraciis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani winapirobaa latviuri enis codna, latviur umaRles saswavleblebSi moxvedris winapirobaa latviuri enis akademiur doneze codna; aseve advilia SromiT bazarze Tavis damkvidreba da karieruli winsvlis meti perspeqtiva aqvs mas vinc flobs saxelmwifo (latviur) enas da a.S. (Sustersi, golubeva, kovalenko, Strode, 2006). 33
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges rac ufro cvladia socialuri garemo, miT ufro mniSvnelovania maswavleblis pasuxismgebloba daexmaros TiToeul moswavles misi sakuTari identifikaciis gaanalizebaSi da SenarCunebaSi. kvlevis mizans warmoadgens yuradReba mieqces fsiqologiur, lingvistur da pedagogiur Taviseburebebs eTnikur umciresobebTan muSaobis procesSi latviurenovan skolebSi da gakeTdes gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT analizi, rogor unda moxdes arsebuli sirTuleebisa da gamowvevebis gadawyveta. meTodebi da masalebi: arsebobs gansxvavebuli Teoriebi enisa da kulturis urTierTqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT; Teoriebi komunikaciur midgomebze, amocanebis gadawyvetaze dafuZnebuli swavleba (task-based learning) da rogorc empiriuli dakvirvebebi aCvenebs yvelaze mniSvnelovania maswavleblis profesiuli kompetenciis ganviTareba multikulturul garemoSi efeqturad swavlebisaTvis. Sedegebi da diskusia multilingvuri ganaTlebis mizania daexmaros moswavles sakuTari identifikaciis ganviTarebaSi; Camoayalibos TiToeul individSi solidarobis grZnoba da ganaviTaros kritikuli azrovneba. multikulturuli ganaTleba moicavs kulturaze orientirebul Sinaarss, romelic exmareba eTnikur umciresobebebs integracia moaxdinon dominant sazogadoebaSi, gamoxaton sakuTari azri interkulturuli dialogis farglebSi da ukeT gaiazron aramxolod umravlesobis kultura, aramed sakuTari kulturuli tradiciebi da Rirebulebebi, raTa ukeT dainaxon kulturuli msgavseba da gansxvaveba sxvadasxva eTnikuri warmomavlobis xalxs Soris. TiToeuli pirovnebis individualuri kultura dakavSirebulia saTanado codnasTan da garemos mimarT jansaR damokidebulebebTan, TiToeuli kultura avlens Taviseburebebs, rac iwvevs viTardeba socialur cvlilebebs. (banki, 2005; gidensi, 2003; harmeri, blanki, 2000). mocemuli multikulturuli maxasiaTeblebi moulodnelad gamoCnda latviur skolebSi, magaliTad, gansxvavebuli kulturuli tradiciebi, sametyvelo Cvevebi, Cacmis stili, lingvisturi gamocdileba, fsiqologiuri da sazogadoebrivi ganviTareba, materialuri da sulieri Rirebulebebi, rwmena, swavlis motivacia, swavlis unar-Cvevebi da sxva. empiriuli dakvirvebis Sedegebma aCvena, rom rac ufro mravalferovania garemo lingvisturi da eTnikuri TvalsazrisiT moswavleebis umravlesoba cdilobs SeinarCunos individualuroba sakuTar enisa da kulturis meSveobiT. latviaSi gansxvavebuli eTnikuri warmoSobis umciresobebis moswavleebi ar arian izolirebulni sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufebisgan, piriqiT isini Tanaarseboben mSvidobianad gansxvavebuli kulturuli da eTnikuri Rirebulebebis pirobebSi, Tumca TiToeuli moswavle saWiroebs sakuTari identurebis ganviTarebis xelSewyobas - rogorc individi, rogorc sazogadoebis sruluflebiani wevri. rogorc dakvirvebebi da umciresobebis moswavleebis da maTi pedagogebis gamokiTxva cxadyofs mravalferovan sazogadoebaSi swavla/swavlebas Tan sdevs garkveuli fsiqologiuri, lingvisturi da pedagogiuri problemebic. fsiqologiuri problemebi dakavSirebulia emociur stresTan. 52.8%-s 154 gamokiTxuli moswavlidan aqvs swored msgavsi saxis problemebi, rac iwvevs diskomforts. am SemTxvevaSi axali kulturuli garemo aZlierebs aRniSnul diskomforts. aman SesaZloa gamoiwvios emociuri SfoTva, gaRizianeba, TavSekaveba azris Tavisuflad gamoxatvisagan Secdomebis daSvebis SiSis gamo, moulodneli da gamaognebeli cvlilebebi ganwyobaSi. moswavleebis nawili cdilobs msgavs SiSebs 34
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Ekaterina Protassova University of
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Plurilingualism and plurilingual co
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REFERENCES saxelmwifo enis swavlebi
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Irine Shubitidze CCIIR, Tbilisi, Ge
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� Creates opportunities for pract
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