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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges efeqturobisTvis: (1) sakadro resursi; (b) TanamSromlebs Soris gaziarebuli xedva, skolis misia da miznebi; (g) mSobelTa da Temis CarTulobis xarisxi. sakadro resursi: kvalificiuri kadrebi aris bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis efeqturobis ganmsazRvreli faqtori (varghese, 2004). sakadro resursis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania, rogorc skolis administraciis momzadebulobis xarisxi, agreTve maRalprofesionali pedagogebi. bilingvuri ganaTlebis programis efeqturobisas xelmZRvanelis unarebis analizs Tu mimovixilavT 3 mniSvnelovani faqtori SeiZleba gamovyoT: (a) skolis xelmZRvanelebma unda icodnen saswavlo midgomebi, strategiebi. isini unda iyvnen am mimarTulebiT sakuTar maswavleblebze ukeTesad momzadebulni da unda SeeZloT am codnis maswavleblebisTvis miwodeba (Sau, 2003). (b) amasTanave, skolis xelmZRvanelebs unda gaaCndeT lideris yvela Tviseba. maT unda SeZlon, zustad Camoayalibon da gansazRvron bilingvuri swavlebis ra programas da models airCevs skola, Camoayalibos skolis misia da SeimuSaos misi ganxorcielebis strategiuli gegma skolis sameurveo sabWosTan erTad. (g) unda hqondeT marTvisa da administrirebis unarebi. skolis xelmZRvanelebs unda SeeZloT, erTi mxriv, TavianTi TanamSromlebis waxaliseba, motivireba, aRtaceba da aRfrTovaneba da, meore mxriv, unda SeeZloT moiZion saxsrebi, mobilizeba gauwion adamianur, finansur da materialur resursebs (monteceli da kortezi, 2002). sakadro resursis meore mniSvnelovani da gadamwyveti komponentia kvalificiuri maswavleblebis arseboba. Sesabamisad, maswavlebelTa treningsa da profesiul ganviTarebas udidesi roli eniWeba. dabali kvalifikaciis maswavlebeli bilingvuri ganaTlebis seriozul safrTxes warmoadgens. bilingvuri programebis pedagogebma unda icodnen swavlebis saTanado strategiebi, gaaCndeT saswavlo resursi, pozitiuri damokidebulebebi hqondeT umciresobaTa moswavleebisadmi (bensoni, 2004). rogorc bensoni aRniSnavs, bilingvuri programis maswavlebeli unda iyos `pedagogi, lingvisti, Semoqmedi, inovaciuri azrovnebis mqone, maRali interkulturuli mgrZnobelobis mqone da, amasTanave, pozitiuri damokidebulebebi unda hqondes bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis mimarT~ _ bensoni, 2004, gv. 207-8). bilingvuri programis maswavlebeli aqtiurad unda iyos CarTuli klasgareSe aqtivobebSi, moswavleTa mSoblebTan da TemTan urTierTobebSi, amasTanave sasurvelia bilingvuri programis maswavlebeli iyos bilingvali, anu magaliTs warmoadgendes moswavleTaTvis. TanamSromlebs Soris gaziarebuli xedva, misia da miznebi: bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis efeqturobisTvis mniSvnelovania, rom skolas Camoyalibebuli hqondes skolis misia bilingvur ganaTlebasTan mimarTebiT da am misiis gansaxorcielebeli strategiuli gegma. bilingvuri ganaTlebis programis efeqturobisTvis gadamwyvetia skolis administracia, maswavleblebi da yvela personali iziarebdes skolis misias da hqondes pozitiuri damokidebulebebi bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebisadmi. `mSobelTa CarTuloba~ mniSvnelovani komponentia eTnikuri umciresobebis ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli programebis warmatebisaTvis (perna da sveili, 2000). mSoblebs, erTis mxriv Zalian didi gavlena gaaCniaT bilingvuri ganaTlebis politikisadmi pozitiuri an negatiuri klimatis Sesaqmnelad da SeuZliaT uzrunvelyon eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenel moswavleTa mzaoba multilingvuri swavlebis procesisadmi (tabataZe, 2008). Sesabamisad, mSoblebi mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgenen multilingvuri / bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis gansaxorcieleblad. bilingvuri ganaTlebis programaSi CarTuli mSobeli mniSvnelovani faqtoria ganaTlebis xarisxis uzrunvelsayofad, radgan veranairi xarisxis marTvisa da inspeqtirebis meqanizmi ver imuSavebs imaze efeqturad, rogorc es SeuZlia bilingvuri programebis efeqturobiT dainteresebul mSobels. meore mxriv, mSoblebis ganaTleba da CarTuloba 89
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges socialuri Rirebulebacaa, romelic mniSvnelovania eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis ara marto ganaTlebis sferoSi, aramed momavalSi warmatebisaTvis (perna da titusi, 2005). bilingvuri saganmanaTleblo programebi, romlebSic mSobelTa CarTuloba maRalia, iZleva imis pirobas, rom im moswavleTa dabali moswrebis problema, romlebic saxelmwifo enis arasakmarisi flobiT aris gamowveuli, warmatebiT gadaiWreba (tabataZe, 2008). kvlevis meTodologia aRniSnuli kvlevis mizani iyo saqarTveloSi bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis gansaxorcieleblad araqarTulenovani skolebis mzaobis Sefaseba. anu, kvlevis farglebSi Seswavlili iqna arsebuli bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebi, skolebis sakadro resursi, gaziarebuli xedva, mSobelTa da Temis CarTuloba, raTa SesaZlebeli gamxdariyo Segvefasebina, Tu ramdenad arian mzad skolebi, ganaxorcielon bilingvuri ganaTlebis iseTi programebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs moswavleebSi bilingvizmis ganviTarebas, maRal akademiur moswrebas, jansaRi damokidebulebebisa da socialuri integraciisTvis saWiro unarebis ganviTarebas. aRniSnuli miznis misaRwevad kvlevis konkretuli sakiTxebi iqna Seswavlili: 1. bilingvuri ganaTlebis rogori tipis programebs sTavazoben moswavleebs qvemo qarTlsa da samcxe-javaxeTSi sajaro skolebi; 2. ra sakadro resursi gaaCniaT bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis ganmaxorcielebel sapilote skolebs; 3. ramdenad aqvT gansazRvruli da Camoyalibebuli erTiani xedva, mizani da misia, romelic gaziarebulia skolis mier; 4. ramdenad aris CarTuli bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis procesSi adgilobrivi Temi da mSoblebi. kvlevis dizaini aRniSnuli kvlevis Casatareblad gamoyenebuli iqna Sereuli modelis kvlevis meTodi, romelic gulisxmobs kvlevisas, erTi da imave etapze, rogorc raodenobrivi agreTve Tvisebrivi kvlevis erTdroulad gamoyenebas. kerZod, monacemebi Segrovda kvlevis ori meTodis gamoyenebiT (a) kiTxvarebiT gamokiTxva; (b) bilingvuri programebis Sinaarsis moZieba da Seswavla. kvlevis farglebSic kiTxvarebis meSveobiT gamoikiTxa araqarTulenovani 155 skolis direqtori da 366 maswavlebeli, agreTve Seswavlili iyo qvemo qarTlisa da samcxe-javaxeTis 26 sapilote skolis mier ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministroSi bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis aplikaciebi. kiTxvarebis meSveobiT gamokiTxvis mizani iyo araqarTulenovani skolis mzaobis dadgena bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT. sapilote skolebis programebis analizis mizani iyo garkveuliyo bilingvuri ganaTlebis `Zlieri” Tu `susti” programebis ganxorcielebas gegmaven da maTi mzaoba am programebis efeqturad gansaxorcieleblad. kvlevaSi monawile skolis direqtorebis SerCeva ar momxdara konkretuli meTodologiis gamoyenebiT. kvlevis farglebSi daigegma, rom kvlevaSi monawileoba mieRo axalqalaqis, ninowmindis, walkis, axalcixis, marneulis, bolnisisa da gardabnis raionebis araqarTulenovani skolis direqtorebs. kvlevis periodisTvis araqarTulenovani skolebis raodenoba, mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT, Seadgenda 216 skolas (ganaTlebis da mecnierebis saministro, 2011). sakvlev raionebSi ki 90
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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi
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ekaterina protasova helsinkis unive
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usuli enis magaliTi saxelmwifo enis
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katri raiki tartus universitetTan a
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zenta anspoka dace dalbina vineta v
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TinaTin kiRuraZe ilias saxelmwifo u
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a. passionate b. Pathetic c. enthus
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Ekaterina Protassova University of
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Dace Dalbina, Vineta Vaivade Latvia
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Plurilingualism and plurilingual co
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REFERENCES saxelmwifo enis swavlebi
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Irine Shubitidze CCIIR, Tbilisi, Ge
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Shalva Tabatadze Ivane Javakhishvil
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Sophie Mujiri Ivane Javakhishvili T
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� Creates opportunities for pract
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