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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges saxelmwifo enis dauflebis kvaldakval. amerikis SeerTebul Statebsa da britaneTSi tranzituli bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebi miiCneva „sust“ programebad, romelTa efeqti naklebia (ufro metic, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi tranzituli programebis araefeqturobis Seswavlam ganapiroba bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis dafinansebis Sewyvetac ki). tranzituli bilingvuri ganaTlebis araefeqturobis mizezad Semdegi faqtorebi saxeldeba: (a) meti droa saWiro enis Sesaswavlad, raTa moxdes umravlesobis enaze swavlebaze srulad gadasvla, Sedegad arasakmarisi drois gamo xdeba akademiuri CamorCena; (b) enebs Soris statusi gansxvavebulia, umciresobaTa ena dabali statusiT sargeblobs da Sesabamisad moswavleTa TviTrwmena dabalia, rac xels uSlis maT akademiur warmatebas; (g) maswavlebelTa umravlesoba monolingvalia da mxolod umravlesobis enas flobs, am programis efeqturobisTvis ki mniSvnelovania bilingvali maswavleblis arseboba, romelic SeZlebs orive enaze swavlebas saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi; (d) moswavleebi umravlesobis enaze swrafad gadasvlis pirobebSi ver axerxeben mSobliur enaze ganaTlebis miRebas da maTi kompetencia mSobliur enaSic akademiuri enis TvalsazrisiT dabalia (garsia, 1991, evando da misi kolegebi, 2003, qriisi, 2004, beikeri, 2006). amerikis SeerTebuli Statebsa da inglisTan SedarebiT gansxvavebuli viTarebaa saqarTveloSi sami TvalsazrisiT: (a) qvemo qarTlsa da samcxe-javaxeTSi umciresobebis enis statusi da prestiJi sakmaod maRalia; Sesabamisad, moswavleebSi gamoricxulia TviTrwmenis dakargva da sakuTari enis mimarT uaryofiTi damokidebulebis gaCena; (b) araqarTulenovani skolis maswavlebelTa absoluturi umravlesoba monolingvalia, oRond mSobliuri eniT da ara umravlesobis enis TvalsazrisiT.; (g) qvemo qarTlsa da samcxe-javaxeTSi skolis miRma garemo araqarTulenovania. am sami faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT, tranzituli bilingvuri ganaTlebis programis sworad dagegmvis pirobebSi, qvemo qarTlsa da samcxe-javaxeTSi SesaZlebelia am programebma efeqturad imuSaos. mniSvnelovania, rom, upirveles yovlisa, ganxorcieldes “gviani” gasvlis tranzituli bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebi. garda amisa, mniSvnelovania, rom saqarTvelos konteqstSi tranzituli bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebi ar moicavdes mxolod da mxolod dawyebiT safexurs. bilingvuri ganaTleba xorcieldebodes sabazo da saSualo safexurzec swavlebis enis adekvaturi procentuli monacvlebiT. Sereuli bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebi Seswavlili 26 skolidan oTxma SearCia (3 samcxe-javaxeTi, 1 qvemo qarTli). aRniSnuli skolebidan 3 skolaSi swavlebis ena rusuli iyo, xolo erT skolaSi _ qarTuli. sainteresoa qarTuli skolis magaliTi, romelmac oficialur ganacxadSi Sereuli programa airCia, Tumca, realurad aRniSnuli programa absoluturad inovaciuria da mas „ormagi submersiis“ programa SeiZleba ewodos eTnikuri umciresobebis moswavleTaTvis. bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebi saqarTveloSi swored eTnikuri umciresobebisTvis daigegma, axalqalaqis qarTulenovani skola ZiriTadad eTnikurad qarTvelebiTaa dakompleqtebuli, Tumca bilingvuri modelis SeTavazeba iyo instrumenti, es skola mimzidveli yofiliyo eTnikurad somexi moswavleebisTvis. qarTul-rusuli modelis SeTavazebiT ki, faqtobrivad, skola sTavazobs moswavleebs „ormagi submersiis“ programas, radgan am moswavleebisTvis arc qarTuli da arc rusuli mSobliuri ena ar aris da swavlis dawyebisas isini SesaZlebelia vercerT enas ver flobdnen. Sesabamisad, submersiis programis negatiuri efeqtebidan gamomdinare, advilad gasaanalizebelia, ra Sedegebi SeiZleba hqondes „ormagi submersiis“ programas eTnikurad somexi moswavleebisTvis. sxva sakiTxia am programis farglebSi qarTulenovani da rusulenovani moswavleTa sakiTxi. maTTvis es programa dualuri bilingvuri ganaTlebis programad SeiZleba ganvixiloT. rac Seexeba zogadad Sereuli bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebs, albaT, SeiZleba am programebma mniSvnelovani 95
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges roli Seasrulos rusulenovani submersiuli an prestiJul-saemigracio programebis CanacvlebaSi. miuxedavad amisa, arsebobs garkveuli risk-faqtorebi, rac dakavSirebulia enebis simravlesTan am modelSi. rogorc aRvniSneT, am skolebSi rusuli ena moswavleTa nawilisTvis mSobliur enas ar warmoadgens, Sesabamisad skolebma unda izrunon erTi mxriv moswavleebs SesaZlebloba miscen mSobliur enaze gansakuTrebiT sawyis etapze miscen ganaTleba, izrunon saxelmwifo enis swavlebaze da, amasTanave, SeinarCunon rusul enasTan mimarTebiT arCeuli specifika da profili. mniSvnelovania agreTve erTi faqtori, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mkveTri politika inglisuri enis swavlebis gaumjobesebasTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli politikis Sedegad, ucxo enis swavleba ukve pirveli klasidan ganxorcieldeba saqarTvelos sajaro skolebSi, maT Soris _ araqarTulenovan skolebSi (erovnuli saswavlo gegma 2011- 2016 wlebi, 2011). am konteqstSi Zalian mniSvnelovania saskolo enobrivi politikis Zalian kargad dagegmva. am mimarTulebiT arsebuli viTareba agreTve seriozuli kvlevis sagania samomavlod. bilingvuri ganaTlebis „Zlieri“ programebi yvelaze efeqturia, Tumca, ra Tqma unda, mxolod programis tipi da arCevani ver gansazRvravs da ver iqneba am programebis efeqturobis garantia. saqarTvelos konteqstSi Seswavlili 26 skolis programebidan mxolod 7-ma skolam airCia bilingvuri ganaTlebis „Zlieri“ programa. aRniSnuli 7 programidan 6 programa warmoadgens ganmaviTarebel programas, xolo meSvide _ dualur programas. zemoaRniSnuli 7 programidan eqvsi warmodgenilia qvemo qarTlis skolebidan da mxolod erTi _ samcxe-javaxeTidan. sainteresoa „Zlieri“ programebis konteqstSi dualuri bilingvuri ganaTlebis programa. es programa gulisxmobs, rom am programaSi moswavleTa kontingenti warmoadgens rogorc umciresobis, agreTve umravlesobis moswavleebs. aRniSnuli programa sakmaod gavrcelebulia da efeqturia msoflios masStabiT, Tumca, sainteresoa, arsebuli demografiuli viTarebidan gamomdinare, ramdenad realizebadia saqarTveloSi, eTnikuri umciresobebis kompaqturi gansaxlebebis raionebSi. savaraudod, dualuri programebis realizeba SesaZlebeli iqneba iseT qalaqebSi, rogorebicaa axalcixe, rusTavi da Tbilisi, radgan am qalaqebSi SesaZlebelia moswavleTa kontingenti warmoadgendes rogorc umciresobis, aseve umravlesobis moswavleebs. dualuri programebis realizeba SesaZlebelia kompaqturi gansaxlebis raionebSic, Tumca, Zalian mcire raodenobiT, demografiuli viTarebidan gamomdinare. (b) skolebs ar gaaCniaT Sesabamisi sakadro resursi kvlevam cxadyo, rom programebis ganxorcielebis sawyis etapze skolebs ar gaaCnia adekvaturi sakadro resursi. sakadro resursebis problema TvalsaCino gaxada, rogorc Seswavlili programebis analizma, agreTve direqtorTa da maswavlebelTa gamokiTxvamac, aRniSnul mdgomareobas adasturebs am mimarTulebiT Catarebuli sxva kvlevebic. sakadro resursebis TvalsazrisiT 2 komponenti SegviZlia ganvixiloT: (1) kvalificiur maswavlebelTa problema; (2) kvalificiur skolebis administratorTa problema. maswavlebelTa, rogorc sakadro resursis, TvalsazrisiT ramdenime mniSvnelovani problema gamoikveTa: kerZod, (a) qarTuli enis maswavlebelTa daaxloebiT 60% Tavad ver flobs saxelmwifo enas. es monacemi dasturdeba `erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris~ mier 2010 wels Catarebuli testirebis SedegebiTac, romlis mixedviTac araqarTulenovani skolis maswavlebelTa 67 % ver flobs saxelmwifo enas (meliqiZe, 2010). am mxriv gansakuTrebiT problematuria eTnikuri umciresobebiT kompaqturad gansaxlebis raionebi: marneuli, axalqalaqi, ninowminda da walka. aRniSnuli raionebi qarTuli 96
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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi
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ekaterina protasova helsinkis unive
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usuli enis magaliTi saxelmwifo enis
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katri raiki tartus universitetTan a
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zenta anspoka dace dalbina vineta v
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TinaTin kiRuraZe ilias saxelmwifo u
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a. passionate b. Pathetic c. enthus
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Ekaterina Protassova University of
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Dace Dalbina, Vineta Vaivade Latvia
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Plurilingualism and plurilingual co
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REFERENCES saxelmwifo enis swavlebi
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Irine Shubitidze CCIIR, Tbilisi, Ge
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Shalva Tabatadze Ivane Javakhishvil
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Sophie Mujiri Ivane Javakhishvili T
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� Creates opportunities for pract
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Tinatin Kiguradze Ilia State Univer
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