Untitled

saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi:
problemebi da gamowvevebi
Issues of State Language Teaching;
Problems and Challenges
superessive version (situation): daac ers (writes on the); T5 – marked with the indirect object marker: misc ers
(will write to him); KV – causative verbs: ac erinebs (makes him write), aḳetebeninebs (makes him do) and so
on....
II conjugation – so called dynamic passives (Passive Verben):
Absolute forms (one-person forms): P1 – with morpheme -i (iniani): ic ereba (is being written), ibadeba (is
born) and others; P2 – with the marker d (doniani) – tetrdeba (gets white), saxeldeba (is named), – berdeba
(grows old) and so on; P3 – with no marker (ebiani) – ḳvdeba (is dying), šreba (dries up) and others.
Relative forms (two-person verb forms) RP1 -eniani: emaleba is hiding from him), eṗareba (is creeping to
him); RP2 – with indirect object marker: scildeba (separates from), sǯerdeba (makes do from); RP3 – objective
version forms: ušavdeba: (it gets black for him) and others; RP4 – with situation marker: ašreba (dries up on
him) and others.
III conjugation – medium voice active verbs (so called medioactives) (MV - Mittelverben): cocxlobs (lives,
is alive), mefobs (reigns), ḳamatobs (argues)…
Relative: RMV1 – with indirect object marker : sdaraǯobs (guards), RMV2 – objective version: uγimis
(smiles to him, ugalobs (sings to him) ; RMV3 – superessive version (situation): adgas (stands over smth);
RMV4 – with e marker (eniani): ec vis (it burns, he has burning), esmis.
IV conjugation – static passive verbs (so called situation passives – Zustandspassiva): ZP1 – neutral
version: c eria (is written here), agdia (is lying) and so on; ZP2 – objective version: uc eria (it is written – he has
written); ZP3 – superessive situation: ac eria (it is written on the), axaṭia...
V conjugation – so called inverted verbs (or indirect verbs – Indirekte Verben): IV1 – with indirect object
marker: sӡuls (hates); IV2 – objective vesion: uq vars (loves); IV3 – with situation marker: axsendeba (remembers),
agviandeba (is late); IV4 – passive with e marker: (ra) exumreba – (what makes him) joke.
Sequence of material delivering is also the central issue. First, type I and II series forms of the Georgian
verbs are discussed in this textbook, and then, on the higher level of teaching – inverted forms, objective person
markers and III series forms.With the indirect verbs the author dicusses in details the nature of inversion, subjectobject
grammatical and semantic inerrelations, and at the end he gives detailed analysis verbs of peculiar
conjugation or so called verbs of altered stems (aris, akvs, hq avs, zis, modis – is, has, sits, comes).
Listing of series forms (mwkrivi forms) goes on the traditional way but in the present tense group (according
the author’s terminology – I tense group– I Zeitgruppe) does not contain two circles and the forms or mwkrivis
are matched as follows:
a. Präsens – present, b. Futurum – Future,
c. Imperfekt – Continuous, d. Konditionalis – Imperfect (“xolmeobiti”),
e. Konjunktiv -Conjunctive I: Präsens Konjunktiv I – a. Present conjunctive;
Futurum Konjunktiv – b. Future conjunctive
Kita Tschenkéli thoroughly implemented the principle of indexation of the Georgian verbs in the large
Georgian-German Dictionary, which is the direct and organic part of this textbook. The type of conjugation in
accordance with the above listed symbols and the verbs are arranged based on the nesting principle (in
accordance with their roots, version and causation), which was at that time an innovation in the Georgian
lexicography.
In the preface to the Dictionary, the author remarks: „It was most important to find a new way to show the
peculiarities of the Georgian verb, by means of which the verb could be not only analyzed in a comprehensive
way, but this could be done efficiently. The fame of the Georgian Language spread as difficult to study, having a
complex verb system, thus lighting up this labyrinth was necessary“ (Tschenkéli, 1960-1965, p. XIX-XX).
Kita Tschenkéli proves why it is not appropriate to chose the infinitive as an initial form in the dictionary
and to arrange verb foms on its basis. He gives some reasons: masdar does not have any version, active and
passive forms, their personality is not distinguished, impossibility for derivating conjugation forms, absence of
corresponding masdar for some verbs (Tschenkéli, 1958, 1, p. 623-628).
“Georgian Concise Grammar” by H Fähnrich was first published in 1986. The Georgian verbs are divided
into four types in this book: 1. Transitive active verbs; 2. Passive verbs (with -i marker: igliǯeba -(tears up),
ingreva (breaks down); with -d marker : c itldeba (gets red), paṭaravdeba (diminishes); with -eb marker: tbeba
(gets warm); 3. Intransitive active verbs: mušaobs (works); and 4. Verbs of perception: uq vars (loves), sӡuls
(hates). The author discusses also the other types of the verbs: denoting natural phenomena: c vims (rains), civa (it
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