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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges momenti. efeqturobis TvalsazrisiT, zepiri metyvelebis Tavisufali flobisTvis koordinirebuli modeli upiratesia, teqstis analizisaTvis, Targmnis da gramatikuli savarjiSoebis Sesasruleblad da leqsikuri niuansebis gacnobierebisaTvis _ SeTavsebuli modeli. bilingvizmis dinamikis Taviseburebebs asaxavs beikeris mier Camoyalibebuli bilingvuri ganaTlebis orgvari “filosofia” (1993): SenarCunebisa (maintenance) da tranzitulobis (transitional). SenarCunebis filosofia uzrunvelyofs meore enis ganviTarebas, gamdidrebas mSobliuri enis darRvevis gareSe da, rogorc aseTi, ganapirobebs aditiuri bilingvizmis Camoyalibebas. igi gulisxmobs meore enis unar-Cvevebis damatebas individis lingvistur repertuarSi iseT konteqstSi, rodesac orive ena da kultura Tanabrad gamoiyeneba. tranzituli filosofia iZleva saxlis enis ganviTarebisa da gaZlierebis SesaZleblobas mxolod imisaTvis, rom is gaxdes saswavlo sagnebis dauflebis saSualeba. saxlis ena ar aris aqcentirebuli da dominanturi xdeba qveynis ena da kultura. bilingvizmis Tanamedrove modelebis ganxilvisas situaciuri da konteqstis faqtoris gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia. swored amitom bilingvizmis Tanamedrove kvlevebi mas ganixilaven bikulturalizmTan mimarTebiT. Ees modelebi aRweren gavlenebs fsiqikur procesebze, socialur gamocdilebaze, individualur cvlilebebze, aseve im fsiqologiur sirTuleebs, romlebic bikulturalizmis TiToeul models axlavs: 1. asimilaciuri modeli gulisxmobs imas, rom pirovneba kargavs erovnul identobas da iZens axals. asimilaciis es procesi sakmaod rTulad mimdinareobs. pirovneba ormxrivi dawolis qveS imyofeba, mas mxardaWera orive mxridan aklia: erTi mxriv, mas Cagravs umravlesoba, meore mxriv, undoblobas ucxadebs sakuTari kulturis xalxi. axal kulturaSi Sesvlisa da Zvelis datovebasTan dakavSirebiT adamianebi Zlier stress ganicdian. xdeba pirovnebis marginalizacia, ris gamoc maT uyalibdebaT dabali TviTSefaseba, dezorientirebulni arian, eqmnebaT emociuri sirTuleebi. 2. akulturaciuli modeli garkveulad hgavs pirvel models im TvalsazrisiT, rom orive SemTxvevaSi dominanturi xdeba umravlesobis kultura, magram gansxvavdeba imiT, rom pirovneba ar kargavs sakuTar identobas. gamokvlevebi adastureben, rom akulturacia sakmaod stresuli gamocdileba SeiZleba aRmoCndes adamianisTvis, mas SeiZleba meorexarisxovani moqalaqis gancda gauCndes. 3. alternaciuli modeli ar gulisxmobs ori kulturis ierarqiul damokidebulebas. am SemTxvevaSi pirovneba cvlis Tavis qcevas socialuri konteqstis mixedviT. es exeba enasac. am modelSi Semaval adamianebs axasiaTebT naklebi SfoTva, vidre wina SemTxvevebSi da igi saukeTeso models warmoadgens. pirovneba Tavisufalia akulturaciuli stresisgan. 4. multikulturuli modeli gulisxmobs ori an meti kulturisadmi pluralistur damokidebulebas. multikulturuli sazogadoeba uzrunvelyofs yoveli jgufis eTnikur identobas, aviTarebs tolerantobas, xels uwyobs adamianTa Soris urTierTobebs da sxvadasxva enebis dauflebas. aseT sazogadoebaSi bikulturalizmTan dakavSirebuli stresebi naklebia da adamianTa emociuri kompetenturoba maRali. 5. Serwymuli modeli kulturaTa urTierTSerwymas gulisxmobs, romlis Sedegadac iqmneba axali kultura. igi gansxvavdeba asimilaciuri da akulturaciuli modelisagan, radgan SesaZlebelia umciresobis kulturis 77
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges gavlena miRebuli, gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas axal kulturaSi. Tu wina modelebi met-naklebad Seswavlilia, es modeli jer kidev Sesaswavlia. ismis kiTxva: bilingvizmis da bikulturalizmis aRniSnuli modelebidan realurad romeli gvxvdeba saqarTveloSi da romels unda mieniWos upiratesoba. Ppasuxs am kiTxvaze gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs meore enis swavlebis politikisa da strategiebis gansazRvrisaTvis. 2007-2008 w.wlebSi Cven mier Catarebuli iqna kvleva naxevradstruqturirebuli intervius meTodis gamoyenebiT bilingval moswavleebTan da maT mSoblebTan. kvlevis Sedegebma (Tbilisis qarTuli skolis araqarTvel moswavleebTan) aCvena enebis situaciis mixedviT mkveTri danawileba - ojaxSi, ZiriTadad ufrosi Taobis naTesavebTan, isini iyeneben erT enas (somxuri, rusuli, Turquli, italiuri), xolo skolaSi da megobrebTan urTierTobaSi gamoiyeneba qarTuli ena. dadginda rom am moswavleebs aqvT komunikaciis unar_Cvevebi orive enaze, maT metyvelebaSi naklebad Cans enobrivi interferenciebi, Tumca emociurad datvirTul situaciebSi zogjer CarTaven sityvebs saxlis enidan. maT aqvT maRali TviTSefaseba, dadebiTi emociuri damokidebuleba da siamaye ori enis flobis gamo: “bednieri var, rom vici ori ena, dedas uxaria rom vlaparakob or enaze, megobrebs moswonT, rom vexmarebi rusulis gakveTilebze” (qarTuli skolis bilingvali bavSvi). Kkmayofilebas gamoxataven TavianTi Svilebis orenovnebis gamo mSoblebic. Ees monacemebi Tavsdeba klasikuri tipologiis koordinirebuli bilingvizmis kategoriaSi, aseve bikulturalizmis da bilingvizmis aliteraciul modelSi, saxeldobr, moswavlem a) icis orive kulturis Rirebulebebi, b) aqvs pozitiuri atitudi erovnuli umravlesobisa da umciresobis mimarT, g) aqtiuria orive kulturaSi, d) orive enaze aqvs komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi, e) flobs rolTa repertuars da v) grZnobs orive kulturidan socialur mxardaWeras. amave kvleviT dadasturda, rom situacia mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba inglisSi mcxovrebi bavSvebisagan, romelTac hyavT qarTveli dedebi - bavSvebi, romlebic ametyveldnen qarTulad an skolamdel asakSi aqtiurad iyenebdnen orive enas, skolaSi Sesvlis Semdeg ewinaaRmdegebian ojaxSi qarTulis gamoyenebas. amis mizezad isini asaxeleben TanatolTa jgufTan identifikacias (mag.”me minda vgavde Cems megobrebs”). Aes garemoeba qmnis garkveul daZabulobas ojaxSi, mSobeli grZnobs, rom bavSvi kargavs qarTul enas da asimilaciis modelisken midis. vTvliT, rom orgvari identobis SenarCunebis mizniT sasurveli iqneboda qarTuli kulturis, istoriis, tradiciebis gacnoba. mSobelma mkacrad unda daicvas erTi enis xmarebis princi. bavSvebi monawileobas unda iRebdnen salaparako enasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis ganxilvaSi. xazgasmuli unda iqnes im adamianis upiratesoba romelic flobs or enas. amgvarad, qarTul kulturaSi bilingvizmis gamovlenili modelebi SeiZleba gaxdes erTis mxriv, araqarTvelTaTvis saxelmwifo enis efeqtiani swavlebis fsiqologiuri safuZveli, meores mxriv, Rirebuli indikatori mozardis momavali fsiqologiuri keTildReobisa da kulturuli identobis SenarCunebisTvis. gamoyenebuli literatura: imedaZe, jafariZe, bruksi, klemera, 2008 - n. imedaZe, m.jafariZe, f.bruksi, e.klemera, bilingvizmis fsiqologiuri Sedegebi (kroskulturuli kvleva) 78
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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi
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ekaterina protasova helsinkis unive
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usuli enis magaliTi saxelmwifo enis
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TinaTin kiRuraZe ilias saxelmwifo u
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a. passionate b. Pathetic c. enthus
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Ekaterina Protassova University of
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Dace Dalbina, Vineta Vaivade Latvia
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Plurilingualism and plurilingual co
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REFERENCES saxelmwifo enis swavlebi
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Irine Shubitidze CCIIR, Tbilisi, Ge
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Shalva Tabatadze Ivane Javakhishvil
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Sophie Mujiri Ivane Javakhishvili T
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� Creates opportunities for pract
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Tinatin Kiguradze Ilia State Univer
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