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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges identity, though the complete acquisition of the L2 without the support of the first language is difficult (Mustajoki et al. 2010a,b). Conclusion The issues of language teaching, national history, immigration and education, conditions of the development of the native tongues of various linguistic groups and the place of Russian in Finland’s educational system seem to be closely interrelated. It is important to work on the cognitive, emotional and intellectual development of a child in a family and in the society taking into account the child’s individual development, including special attention to his or her linguistic past and future. Preserving the mother tongues in the social structure is a necessary condition for mutual understanding between the generations and the layers of society. Regardless of opinion that all levels of language abilities and aptitudes are beneficent, the palette of languages studied has to be improved, and the quantity of hours per week has to be added. Recent years have seen an ongoing discussion on the role of the English language in Finland. Researchers have also studied more carefully linguistic everyday reality, assessed language proficiency and attitudes as well as the educational tactics and methods. The impact of immersion, linguistic environment, exchanges with schools abroad and motivation to use language multimodally were also burning themes in education. The language education policy is highlighted by the membership in the European Union and northern collaboration projects, by globalization and internationalization, new informational technologies and multicultural tolerance. REFERENCES Aschan, Nadine. 2011. Kaksikieliset koulutusohjelmat ovat valttikortti tulevaisuuden työmarkkinoilla. Helsingin yliopisto, verkkotoimitus. Ahola, Mia. 2011. Farmari Wang ja mystiset merkit. Opettaja, No 22-23, s. 22-26. Anarâš. The Inari Sámis. www.samimuseum.fi/anaras/english/yleistietoa/yleistietoa.html (accessed August 2011). Åland in figures 2011. Statistics and research Åland. Mariehamn: ÅSUB. www.asub.ax (accessed August 2011). Björklund, Siv. 2011. Swedish immersion as a way to promote early multilingualism in Finland. In: Bangma, Idske; van der Meer, Cor; Riemersma, Alex (eds.). Trilingual Primary Education in Europe. Some developments with regard to the provisions of trilingual primary education in minority language communities of the European Union. Leeuwarden/Ljouwert: Fryske Akademy, pp. 13-31. Björklund, Siv. 2002. Case Study: A trilingual school in Vaasa, Finland. In: Beetsma, Danny (ed.). Trilingual primary education in Europe. Inventory of the provisions for trilingual primary education in minority language communities of the European Union. Mercator-Education. The European network for regional or minority languages and education. Leeuwarden/Ljouwert: Fryske Akademy, pp. 14-32. Buchberger, Irina. 2002. A Multilingual Ideology in a Monolingual Country: Language Education in Finland. CAUCE, Revista de Filología y su Didáctica, No 25, ps. 185-202. Cenoz, Jasone. 2009. Towards Multilingual Education. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. CLIL. European Commission. Multilingualism, Content and language integrated learning. http://ec.europa.eu/education/languages/language-teaching/doc236_en.htm (accessed August 2011). ECRE. 2006. European Commission. NGO Network of Integration Focal Points Access to vocational training and (higher) education. Recommendations for the integration of refugees and migrants in Europe. INTI Community Actions. Eurobarometer 2006. European Comission. Europeans and their Languages. Special Eurobarometer 243. 234
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges Finitiko romaseele 2004. Finland´s Romani People. Brochures of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health 2004:2. Helsinki. FNBE. Finnish National Board of Education (OPH / FNBE). www.oph.fi (accessed August 2011). García, Ofelia; Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove; Torres-Guzmán, Maria (eds.). 2006. Imagining Multilingual Schools: Languages in Education and Glocalization (Linguistic Diversity and Language Rights). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Latomaa, Sirkku (toim.) 2007. Oma kieli kullan kallis. Opas maahanmuuttajien oman äidinkielen opetukseen. Helsinki: Opetushallitus. Lehtola, Veli-Pekka. 2002. The Sámi People: traditions in transition. Inari: Puntsi. Lehtonen, Heini. 2008. Maahanmuuttajataustaisten koululaisten monet kielet. In: Routarinne, Sara; Uusi- Hallila, Tuula (toim.). Nuoret kielikuvassa. Kouluikäisten kieli 2000-luvulla. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, s. 103-124. Leppänen, Sirpa, Pitkänen-Huhta, Anne, Nikula, Tarja, Kytölä, Samu, Törmäkangas, Timo, Nissinen, Kari, Kääntä, Leila, Räisänen, Tiina, Laitinen, Mikko, Pahta, Päivi, Koskela, Heidi, Lähdesmäki, Salla & Jousmäki, Henna. 2011. National survey on the English language in Finland: Uses, meanings and attitudes. Jyväskylä, Finland: Jyväskylän yliopisto. Studies in Variation, Contacts and Change in English (eVarieng), 5. Levine, Joshua. 2011. Finnishing school. Time, April 11, pp. 45-46. Lindgren, Anna-Riitta; Lindgren, Klaus; Sari, Mirja. 2011. From Swedish to Finnish in the 19th century: a historical case of emancipatory language shift. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, Vol. 2011 Issue 209, pp. 17-34. Lindgren, Minna. 2011. Marko Vuoriheimo. Viitomakielinen hiphopmuusikko Signmark taistelee ihmisoikeuksien puolesta. Suomen Kuvalehti, No 31, s. 52-55. Lähteenmäki, Mika; Vanhala-Aniszewski, Marjatta (eds.). 2010. Language Ideologies in Transition: Multilingualism in Finland and Russia. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Mouna, Travis. 2009. Home lingual environment effect on development of child’s language in multilingual daycare. Bachelor’s Thesis. Pirkanmaa University of Applied Sciences. Mustajoki, Arto; Protassova, Ekaterina; Vakhtin, Nikolai (eds.) 2010a. Instrumentarium of Linguistics: sociolinguistic approaches to the Non-Standard Russian. Studia Slavica Helsingiensia 40. Helsinki: Yliopistopaino. Mustajoki, Arto; Protassova, Ekaterina; Kopotev, Mihail; Nikunlassi, Ahti; Huttunen, Tomi (eds.) 2010b. Izuchenie i prepodavanie russkogo jazyka v Finljandii. St Petersburg: Zlatoust. Niessen, Jan; Schibel, Yongmi. 2007. Handbook on Integration for policy-makers and practitioners. European Communities: Publications Office. Nikula, Tarja; Pöyhönen, Sari; Huhta, Ari; Hildén, Raili. When MT + 2 is not enough: Tensions within foreign language education in Finland. In: Ammon, Ulrich; Darquennes, Jeroen; Wright, Sue (eds.). 2010. Foreign languages in the schools of the European Union. Sociolinguistica Jahrbuch. Berlin: de Gruyter, pp. 25-42. IEF. Immigrant Education in Finland. Finnish National Board of Education (OPH / FNBE). NCC. National Core Curricula. National Board of Education (OPH / FNBE).. Ojala, Ulla. 2010. ¡Hola! ¿Qué tal? Opettaja, No 43, s. 22-25. OSF1: Official Statistics of Finland. Population structure. Country of birth, citizenship and mother tongue of the population. Helsinki: Statistics Finland. OSF2: Official Statistics of Finland. Population structure. The largest groups by native language 2000 and 2010. Helsinki: Statistics Finland. OSF3: Official Statistics of Finland. Migration. Immigration and emigration in 1971–2009. Helsinki: Statistics Finland. Pasanen, Annika. 2010. Will language nests change the direction of language shifts? : On the language nests of Inari Saamis and Karelians. In: Sulkala, Helena; Mantila, Harri (eds.). Planning a new standard language: Finnic minority languages meet the new millennium. Helsinki : Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, pp. 115-131. Pekkarinen, Aino. 2011. Mamma mia, mitä ruotsia! Opettaja, No 14, s. 28-32. 235
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