Untitled

saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi:
problemebi da gamowvevebi
Issues of State Language Teaching;
Problems and Challenges
momenti. efeqturobis TvalsazrisiT, zepiri metyvelebis Tavisufali flobisTvis
koordinirebuli modeli upiratesia, teqstis analizisaTvis, Targmnis da
gramatikuli savarjiSoebis Sesasruleblad da leqsikuri niuansebis
gacnobierebisaTvis _ SeTavsebuli modeli.
bilingvizmis dinamikis Taviseburebebs asaxavs beikeris mier Camoyalibebuli
bilingvuri ganaTlebis orgvari “filosofia” (1993): SenarCunebisa (maintenance) da
tranzitulobis (transitional). SenarCunebis filosofia uzrunvelyofs meore enis
ganviTarebas, gamdidrebas mSobliuri enis darRvevis gareSe da, rogorc aseTi,
ganapirobebs aditiuri bilingvizmis Camoyalibebas. igi gulisxmobs meore enis
unar-Cvevebis damatebas individis lingvistur repertuarSi iseT konteqstSi,
rodesac orive ena da kultura Tanabrad gamoiyeneba.
tranzituli filosofia iZleva saxlis enis ganviTarebisa da gaZlierebis
SesaZleblobas mxolod imisaTvis, rom is gaxdes saswavlo sagnebis dauflebis
saSualeba. saxlis ena ar aris aqcentirebuli da dominanturi xdeba qveynis ena
da kultura.
bilingvizmis Tanamedrove modelebis ganxilvisas situaciuri da konteqstis
faqtoris gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia. swored amitom bilingvizmis Tanamedrove
kvlevebi mas ganixilaven bikulturalizmTan mimarTebiT. Ees modelebi aRweren
gavlenebs fsiqikur procesebze, socialur gamocdilebaze, individualur
cvlilebebze, aseve im fsiqologiur sirTuleebs, romlebic bikulturalizmis
TiToeul models axlavs:
1. asimilaciuri modeli gulisxmobs imas, rom pirovneba kargavs erovnul
identobas da iZens axals. asimilaciis es procesi sakmaod rTulad
mimdinareobs. pirovneba ormxrivi dawolis qveS imyofeba, mas mxardaWera
orive mxridan aklia: erTi mxriv, mas Cagravs umravlesoba, meore mxriv,
undoblobas ucxadebs sakuTari kulturis xalxi. axal kulturaSi
Sesvlisa da Zvelis datovebasTan dakavSirebiT adamianebi Zlier stress
ganicdian. xdeba pirovnebis marginalizacia, ris gamoc maT uyalibdebaT
dabali TviTSefaseba, dezorientirebulni arian, eqmnebaT emociuri
sirTuleebi.
2. akulturaciuli modeli garkveulad hgavs pirvel models im
TvalsazrisiT, rom orive SemTxvevaSi dominanturi xdeba umravlesobis
kultura, magram gansxvavdeba imiT, rom pirovneba ar kargavs sakuTar
identobas. gamokvlevebi adastureben, rom akulturacia sakmaod stresuli
gamocdileba SeiZleba aRmoCndes adamianisTvis, mas SeiZleba
meorexarisxovani moqalaqis gancda gauCndes.
3. alternaciuli modeli ar gulisxmobs ori kulturis ierarqiul
damokidebulebas. am SemTxvevaSi pirovneba cvlis Tavis qcevas socialuri
konteqstis mixedviT. es exeba enasac. am modelSi Semaval adamianebs
axasiaTebT naklebi SfoTva, vidre wina SemTxvevebSi da igi saukeTeso models
warmoadgens. pirovneba Tavisufalia akulturaciuli stresisgan.
4. multikulturuli modeli gulisxmobs ori an meti kulturisadmi
pluralistur damokidebulebas. multikulturuli sazogadoeba
uzrunvelyofs yoveli jgufis eTnikur identobas, aviTarebs tolerantobas,
xels uwyobs adamianTa Soris urTierTobebs da sxvadasxva enebis
dauflebas. aseT sazogadoebaSi bikulturalizmTan dakavSirebuli stresebi
naklebia da adamianTa emociuri kompetenturoba maRali.
5. Serwymuli modeli kulturaTa urTierTSerwymas gulisxmobs, romlis
Sedegadac iqmneba axali kultura. igi gansxvavdeba asimilaciuri da
akulturaciuli modelisagan, radgan SesaZlebelia umciresobis kulturis
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