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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges Tumca semantikuri TvalsazrisiT nawilobriv an sruliad gansxvavebul wyvilebs warmoadgenen. isini xSir SemTxvevaSi araadekvaturad, zogjer ki arazustad aRiqmebian inglisuri enis qarTulenovani Semswavlelebis mier, gansakuTrebiT enis Seswavlis pirvel etapze. Tumca es problema ar kargavs Tavis aqtualurobas enis Seswavlis Semdgom etapebzec. imdenad, ramdenadac qarTulenovani Semswavlelebi eyrdnobian aRniSnuli sityvebis zogad kognitur bazaSi, xSir SemTxvevaSi - erovnul diskursSi dafiqsirebul mniSvnelobebs, rasac isini konceptebis araadekvatur, arazust Targmnamde mihyavT. amitomaa, rom am wyvilebs xSirad ,,gardauval maxeebs“ uwodeben (lado, 1967, gv.84) Eenis swavlebis procesSi isini, erTi mxriv, aCveneben enis Semswavlelis arasrulyofil enobriv dones, xolo meore mxriv, aRniSnulma wyvilebma SeiZleba sagrZnoblad daazaralos aramarto komunikacia enis SemswavlelTa Soris, aramed gaarTulos enis swavlebis procesic. moyvanili mizezebi TvalsaCinos xdis aRniSnuli problemis aqtualurobasa da misi kvlevis aucileblobas. ,,cru megobrebis’’ sakiTxs sxvadasxva enaSi araerTi saintereso kvleva mieZRvna. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia budagovis, neilis, Cakonis, gutknextisa da sxvaTa Sromebi, Tumca, miuxedavad sakiTxis aqtualurobisa, sakmaod mwiria kvlevebi qarTul-inglisuri cru megobrebis Sesaxeb. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, cru megobrebi formiT msgavs, Tumca SinaarsiT nawilobriv an sruliad gansxvavebul leqsikur erTeulebs warmoadgenen. maT SeiZleba hqondeT erTi da igive etimologia, magram, SesaZlebelia, isini konkretul enebSi sxvadasxva enis gavliTac iyvnen Sesuli. prinslo da Sriveri semantikuri gadafarvis TvalsazrisiT gamoyofen ,,cru megobrebis“ or tips: absoluturs da nawilobrivs. absoluturi cru megobrebi formiT (orTografiuli da fonetikuri TvalsazrisiT) msgavs da Sinaarsobrivad gansxvavebul wyvilebs warmoadgenen. Sesabamisad, isini arasodes gvxvdebian erTsa da imave konteqstSi da nakleb problemas warmoadgenen enis SemswavlelTaTvis. TumcaRa, enis swavlebis sawyis etapze, SesaZloa, mSobliuri enis Carevis gamo, adgili hqondes fsiqolingvistur problemas. absoluturi cru megobrebis magaliTebia: inglisuri “talon ” da qarTuli „taloni“; inglisuri ”order” da qarTuli „orderi“; “fabric”-,,fabrika“; “velvet”- ,,velveti”. nawilobrivi cru megobrebis problema Tavs iCens ara marto enis Seswavlis sawyis, aramed Semdgom etapebzec da Semswavlelis arasrul enobriv kompetenciaze miuTiTebs. aRniSnuli wyvilebis gansakuTrebuli sirTule imiTac aixsneba, rom am SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs ara marto fonologiur an/da orTografiul msgavsebas, aramed nawilobriv semantikur gadafarvas, anu, SesaZlebelia, leqsikuri wyvilis mniSvnelobebi garkveulwilad emTxveodes erTmaneTs, Tumca, SesaZlebelia, iseTi mniSvnelobis arsebobac, romlebiTac isini ar gvxvdebian meore enaSi. ase magaliTad, inglisuri zedsarTavi saxeli “accurate”–s Seesabameba qarTuli „akuratuli“ Tumca, iseTi myari Sesityvebebis Targmanis dros rogoricaa “akuratuli adamiani” umjobesia sityva “accurate” vTargmnoT inglisuri “tidy” an “orderly“–iT, imdenad, ramdenadac qarTul mentalobaSi, rusuli enis zegavlenis gamo am sityvam damatebiTi konotacia SeiZina da „mowesrigebuli“, „koxta“–s mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba. inglisuri “delicate”–sagan gansxvavebiT qarTul “delikatur“–s ori mniSvnelobiT vxvdebiT: 1. Tavaziani; 2. is rac windaxedul, frTxil mopyrobas moiTxovs“ (WabaSvili, 1989, gv.120) xolo rac Seexeba aRniSnuli sityvis iseT inglisur mniSvnelobebs rogorebicaa „daxvewili, natifi, nazi“ is qarTuli „delikaturisTvis~ ar aris damaxasiaTebeli. inglisur zedsarTav saxels “dramatic” qarTuli “dramatuli” Seesabameba, magram aRniSnuli wyvils Soris nawilobrivi semantikuri gadafarva Tavs iCens iseTi myari Sesityvebis Targmanis 183
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges dros, rogoricaa magaliTad ” dramatic view” (e .g: dramatic view of the Alps) am SemTxvevaSi sityva “dramatic~–s qarTuli ,,amaRelvebeli” Seesabameba da ara „dramatuli“, imdenad, ramdenadac aRniSnuli sityva qarTul diskursSi, umeteswilad, ,,moqmedebis, mdgomareobis daZabulobis“ mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba. nawilobrivi cru megobrebi semantikuri gadafarvis mixedviT SesaZlebelia sam qvejgufad daiyos esenia: 1. segregaciis, 2. urTierTgadafarvis da 3. inkluziis (o’ neili, 1994, gv.109). segregaciuli wyvilebis SemTxvevaSi leqsikuri erTeulis mniSvnelobaTagan arcerTi ar kveTs erTmaneTs or enaSi; semantikuri urTierTgadafarvis SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs ramdenime, magram ara yvela mniSvnelobis damTxvevas. inkluziis SemTxvevaSi erTmaneTs emTxveva sityvis yvela mniSvneloba orive enaSi, magram SesaZlebelia ori enidan romelimes hqondes damatebiTi, gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba. inglisur–qarTuli „cru megobrebis” segregaciis qvejgugfs SegviZlia mivakuTvnoT wyvili ,,paTetikuri” - “pathetic”, sadac qarTuli leqsikuri erTeuli aranair semantikur msgavsebas ar amJRavnebs inglisur “pathetic”–Tan romelic inglisur enaSi sacodavs, Sesabraliss niSnavs qarTulSi ki ,,mgznebares, amaRelvebels”. amave qvejgufs miekuTvnebian wyvilebi: „eqstravagantuli“ da „extravagant“, rac inglisurSi derogaciuli mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba da ,,mflangvels“ niSnavs; „intoqsikacia“ da „intoxication“, romelic, qarTuli enisagan gansxvavebiT, inglisurSi alkoholur an narkotikul Trobas niSnavs. semantikuri urTierTgadafarvis magaliTebi, qarTul–inglisuri cru megobrebis SemTxvevaSi, inglisuri leqsikuri erTeulebis polisemanturobis WrilSi unda ganvixiloT, radganac, inglisuri ena leqsikuri erTeulebis polisemanturobiT mkveTrad gansxvavdeba qarTuli enisagan. Sesabamisad, „cru megobrebis“ inglisur mewyviles qarTul enaSi arsebul sityvasTan saerTo erTi mniSvnelobis paralelurad, SesaZloa, hqondes ori an orze meti denotaciuri da konotaciuri mniSvneloba. ase, magaliTad, sityvebi „agony” da „agonia” - aq inglisuri „agony”-is xuTi mniSvnelobidan: ,,1. fizikuri da sulieri tanjva; 2. uecari Zlieri emocia; 3. Ddapirispireba; D4. brZola; 5. sulTmobrZavis mdgomareoba’’ – qarTuli ,,agonia’’ mxolod mexuTes Seesabameba; qarTuli kognati inglisurTan msgavsebas mxolod im erT mniSvnelobaSi amJRavnebs, ra mniSvnelobiTac Semovida, asimilirda da dafiqsirda igi qarTul enasa da cnobierebaSi, kerZod ki, ,,sulTmobrZavis mdgomareoba”, danarCeni mniSvnelobebi Sesatyvis qarTul ekvivalents moiTxovs. qarTuli ,,akordi” da inglisuri “accord” erT mniSvnelobaSi - „notebis polifoniuri Serwyma” - amJRavnebs semantikur urTierTgadafarvas; danarCen inglisur mniSvnelobebs ki qarTuli ,,SeTanxmeba”, ,,erTianoba”, ,,harmonia” Seesabameba. inkluziis magaliTebi gansakuTrebiT kargad asaxavs eris kognitur sferoSi Semaval kulturul konceptebs. ase, magaliTad, qarTuli „ambiciuri“, inglisuri „ambitious”-isgan gansxvavebiT, ar moicavs dadebiT konotacias da ar niSnavs „mizandasaxuls“; is derogaciuli mniSvnelobiT ixmareba da „pativmoyvares“ niSnavs. sityva ,,familaruls” qarTul enaSi, inglisurisagan gansxvavebiT, mxolod uaryofiTi SefasebiTi datvirTva gaaCnia. aRniSnuli qvejgufebis aRmocenebis mizezi am sityvebis enaSi Semosvlis gzebsa da wyaroebSi unda veZeboT. orive enam, SesaZloa, isesxos sityva erTi da igive enidan, magram Semdgom TiToeul konkretul enaSi, mocemul sityvas Tavisi semantikuri, konceptualuri ganviTarebis istoria gaaCnia. ase magaliTad, orive, qarTuli „paTetikuri“ da inglisuri “pathetic” berZnuli ”pathetikos”–idan momdinareobs. berZnul enaSi aRniSnul sityvas „mgrZnobiares“, ,,mgznebares” mniSvneloba gaaCnia. inglisur enaSi mocemulma sityvam, enis ganviTarebasTan erTad, semantikuri cvlileba ganicada da 184
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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi
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ekaterina protasova helsinkis unive
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usuli enis magaliTi saxelmwifo enis
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katri raiki tartus universitetTan a
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zenta anspoka dace dalbina vineta v
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imersia saxelmwifo enis swavlebis s
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Dace Dalbina, Vineta Vaivade Latvia
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Plurilingualism and plurilingual co
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REFERENCES saxelmwifo enis swavlebi
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Irine Shubitidze CCIIR, Tbilisi, Ge
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Shalva Tabatadze Ivane Javakhishvil
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� Creates opportunities for pract
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Tinatin Kiguradze Ilia State Univer
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