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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges mSoblebis did nawils aqvs SiSi, romelic dakavSirebulia ori enis erTdroulad SeswavlasTan da im sirTuleebTan, romelebic Cveulebriv Tan axlavs am process. roca bavSvze orientirebuli, interaqtiuli meTodebi gamoiyeneba, bavSvi Zalian advilad arTmevs Tavs oro an meti enis Tanadroulad SeZenas, yovelgvari Zaldatanebis gareSe. fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT, bavSvisTvis nakleb sirTules warmoadgens multilingvur klasSi swavla, vidre mxolod mSobliur enaze ganaTlebis miReba. Mmultilingvur klasSi ki SeiZleba warmatebiT iqnes gamoyenebuli sruli imersiuli modeli. amasTanave, multilingvuri ganaTleba exmareba, rogorc lingvisturi, ise fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT, kognituri da kreatiuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas. beikeri (1988) ganasxvavebs multilingvuri ganaTlebis sami saxis nawilobrivi imersiis models: tranzituli imersiuli programebi iwyeba skolis dawyebiT safexurze da mSobliuri enis gakveTilebi sWarbobs meore enaze Catarebuli gakveTilebis raodenobas, Semdeg etapobrivad izrdeba meore enaze gakveTilebis raodenoba da garkveuli periodis Semdeg aRwevs 100%-s, es ZiriTadad xdeba skolis mesame, bolo safexurze. msgavsi programebi warmatebiT gamoiyeneba dasavleT evropaSi mcxovrebi migrantebis ganaTlebaSi. aRniSnuli programa xels uwyobs umciresobebis daaxloebas umravlesobis enasa da kulturasTan. Mmultilingvuri ganaTlebis modelebis dadebiTi maxasiaTeblebi asaxulia konvenciis 28 1.c) and e), MmuxlSi, romelic xels uwyobs sruli imersiuli Sokis Semcirebas da, amasTanave, zrdis umaRlesi ganaTlebis SesaZleblobas saxelmwifo enaze. Semnar- Cunebeli imersiuli programebi gamiznulia met-naklebad erTgvarovani umciresobebis enaze mosaubre jgufebisTvis. ZiriTadi mizania xeli Seuwyos azris Tavisuflad gamoxatvas da wignierebis ganviTarebas or an sam enaze erTdroulad. SemnarCunebeli imersiuli programebi (Maintenance immersion programmes) aris popularuli kulturuli da enobrivi TvalsazrisiT mravalferovani sazogadoebisTvis. magaliTad, yirgizeTSi aRniSnuli programa gamoiyeneba yirgizul enaze mosaubreTa regionebSi am enis SenarCunebisTvis, radgan aq oficialuri ena aris rusuli. aRniSnuli midgomiT, saxelmwifos axdens koncefciis 18. 1.c) muxlis realizebas, sadac weria „umaRlesi ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomoba“ და 29 1.c) muxli: romelic avaldebulebs saxelmwifos `bavSvis kulturis, identobis, enis da Rirebulebebis pativiscemas~. ormagi imersiuli programebi miznad isaxavs multilingvizmisa da multikulturalizmis xelSewyobas aramxolod eTnikuri umciresobebisTvis, aramed regionis yvela mcxovrebisTvis. EaRniSnuli modeli aerTianebs enis swavlisa da SenarCunebis yvela SesaZlo resurss multi-eTnikur qalaqsa da regionebSi. Oormagi imersiuli programebis saboloo mizania sxvadasxva enobriv jgufebSi individis multilingvizmis, multiwigierebis da multikulturalizmis miRweva. mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom multikulturul klasSi gamoiyeneba interaqtiuli swavlebis meTodebi, romelic bavSvebs saSualebas aZlevs saswavlo procesSi iyvnen aqtiurni, maswavlebelma unda gansazRvros TiToeuli bavSvis individualuri SesaZleblobebi da samizne enaze unda mimdinareobdes intensiuri komunikacia enis swavlis sxvadasxva meTodebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic moicavs Sinaarsze dafuZnebul swavlebas. TiToeuli bavSvi swalobs mis mSobliur enaze da meore enaze paralelurad, klasebi aris eTnikurad da enobrivi TvalsazrisiT Sereuli, araerTgvarovani da swavlis procesi damokidebulia regionis saWiroebebze da SesaZleblobebze. Mmultilingvuri ganaTlebis dros mSoblebi dganan dilemis winaSe, romeli ena airCion maTi SvilebisTvis swavlebis enad. msgavsi saxis multilingvuri ganaTleba warmatebiT gamoiyeneba eTnikuri umciresobebiT mWidrod dasaxlebul regionebSi. magaliTad ruminulad mosaubre (Rumantsch- 25
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges speaking) regionebi SveicariaSi, sadac zogierT sofelSi germanulad da ruminulad mosaubre bavSvebi iReben germanul da ruminul enebze erTdroulad ganaTlebas. am gziT ruminulenovani (Rumantsch) bavSvebi Tavisuflad saubroben germanul enaze, rac maT uqmnis umaRlesi ganaTlebisTvis xelmisawvdom pirobebs. bavSvebi saubroben ra germanulad, garda umaRlesi ganaTlebisa da progresis meti SesaZleblobisa, axerxeben sxva kulturis xalxTan urTierTobas, ris Sedegadac ecnobian sxvaTa kulturas, tradiciebs da xdebian bilingvalebi. swored ormagi imersiuli modelebi saSualebas iZleva miRwul iqnes bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebis Sesureba. es programa iZleva SesaZleblobas, rom TiToeulma bavSvma iswavlos saxelmwifo ena iseT doneze rom misTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdes umaRlesi ganaTlebis miReba da ganiviTaros cxovrebis unarebi. amis Sesaxeb saubaria konvenciis 28-e muxlis 1. c). punqtSi. aseve Cvens mier aRniSnuli imersiuli programa aris erTgvari prevencia sruli imersiuli Sokisa, romelic SeiZleba gaviTardes bavSvSi araswori swavlebis meTodebiTa da sxvadasxva mniSvelovani faqtebis gauTvaliswineblobiT. konvenciis 28 muxlis 1. e). PpunqtSi naTqvamia rom, is damatebiT Seicavs sxvadasxva Rirebulebebsa da kulturuli maxasiaTeblebis ganviTarebis maRal potencials, romelic aseve gadmocemulia konvenciis 29-e mulxSic: “bavSvis individualuri ganviTareba, misi niWis, gonebrivi da fizikuri SesaZleblobebis sruli gamovlena, bavSvSi misi sakuTari kulturis, enis da Rirebulebebis pativiscemis ganviTareba, im qveynis kulturisa da Rirebulebebis pativiscemis paralelurad, romel qveyanaSic cxovrobs. ganaTlebam unda uzrunvelyos bavSvis imgvarad aRzrda, rom man SeZlos Tavisufal sazogadoebaSi advilad adaptireba da im Rirebulebebis pativiscema, romelic am sazogadoebis umravlesobisTvis misaRebia. mniSvnelovania, iseTi Rirebulebebis pativiscema, rogoricaa, genderuli Tanasworoba, mSvidoba, xalxebs Soris urTierTgageba, eTnikuri, nacionaluri da religiuri jgufebis da calkeuli pirovnenebis pativiscema, misi warmoSobis miuxedavad.” ormxriv imersiasa da sxva multilingvuri ganaTlebis modelebs Soris Tval- Sisacemi gansxvaveba aris is, rom am modelSi aramxolod umciresobebis moswavleebi sargebloben multilingvuri ganaTlebis upiratesobebiT, aramed yvela bavSvi ganurCevlad misi eTnikuri da nacionaluri warmoSobisa. Aam TvalsazrisiT ormxrivi imersiuli programebi srulad jdeba adamianis uflebebis dacvis Sinaarsobriv farglebSi. daskvna multilingvuri ganaTlebis modelebi aris yvelaze mZlavri da pragmatuli midgoma multilingvuri saxelmwifoebisTvis, raTa maT ganaxorcielon maTi kompleqsuri valdebulebebi, romelsac akisrebs bavSvTa uflebebis konvenca enobrivi ganaTlebis mimarTulebiT. es miznad isaxavs TiToeuli bavSvis ganaTlebis procesSi gaTvaliswinebul iqnes misi lingvisturi SesaZleblobebi (linguistic background), aseve unda mieces yvelas SesaZlebloba ganaTleba miiRos maT mSobliur enaze, rasac gadamwyveti roli ekisreba misi inteleqtualuri, individualuri, kognituri da socialuri SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebisaTvis. (muxli 29 1. a), aseve, mniSvnelovania bavSvis kulturuli da enobrivi Rirebulebebis Camoyalibeba da ganviTareba. (muxli 29 1. c). Mmsgavsi midgoma yvela bavSvs Tanabar saSualebas aZlevs umaRlesi ganaTlebis miRebisaTvis saxelmwifo enaze, (muxli 28 1. c). multilingvuri ganaTleba amcirebs im Cavardnebs, romlebic bavSvs SesaZloa hqondes sruli imersiuli programebis dros saxelmwifo enaze. (muxli 28 1. e). multilingvur sa- 26
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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi
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TinaTin kiRuraZe ilias saxelmwifo u
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a. passionate b. Pathetic c. enthus
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Ekaterina Protassova University of
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Dace Dalbina, Vineta Vaivade Latvia
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Plurilingualism and plurilingual co
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REFERENCES saxelmwifo enis swavlebi
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Irine Shubitidze CCIIR, Tbilisi, Ge
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� Creates opportunities for pract
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