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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges analizma, agreTve zogadad araqarTulenovan skolebSi swavlebis enis analizma cxadyo saqarTveloSi Semdegi programebis arseboba: bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis tipologia saqarTveloSi: erTenovani - submersia (qarTulenovani skolebi); - erTenovani (mSobliuri enaze saxelmwifo enis swavlebiT); - prestiJul-saemigracio (rusulenovani skolebi saxelmwifo enis swav- lebiT); „susti“ bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebi - saxelmwifo enis mxardaWeris; - tranzituli; - Sereuli; `Zlieri” bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebi - dualuri bilingvuri ganaTlebis; - ganmaviTarebeli. erTenovani programebis araefeqturoba TvalnaTelia da dasturdeba araerTi kvleviT. saqarTvelos konteqstSi am TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria submersiuli programebi, romelTa raodenoba da maTSi moswavleTa kontingenti TandaTan izrdeba gansakuTrebiT qvemo qarTlis regionSi (ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros informacia http://mes.gov.ge/content.php?id=2831&lang=geo). submersiuli programebi da maTi efeqti saqarTveloSi empiriulad Seswavlili ar aris, Tumca msoflios praqtika da am mimarTulebiT Catarebuli kvlevebi calsaxad negatiur Sedegebs iZleva. submersia aRniSnavs ganaTlebas, rodesac araqarTulenovani moswavleebi Sedian qarTul skolaSi, ise rom saerTod ver floben qarTul enas. gvadalupe valdesi (1998) kvlevebze dafuZnebiT miuTiTebs, rom submersiul programebSi moswavleebs ar uviTardebaT kritikuli azrovneba, SekiTxvebi dasmisa da TanamSromlobis unari, ar xdeba kognituri unarebis ganviTareba, radgan moswavleTa enobrivi kompetencia SezRudulia da am enaze swavleba xels uSlis maT kognitur ganviTarebasac. am tipis programebSi Zalian xSiria moswavleTa mxridan skolis mitovebis maCvenebelic (valdesi, 1998, nanaxia beikeri, 2006). submersiuli programebis araefeqturobaze miuTiTeben karasqvelo da rodrigesi (2002). msoflio praqtika submersiul programebs radikaluri bilingvuri ganaTlebis formad miiCnevs. mniSvnelovania empiriuli kvlevis Catareba saqarTvelos konteqstSi, raTa SeviswavloT submersiuli programebis efeqturoba. es mimarTuleba mniSvnelovani iqneba am dargSi momavali kvlevebis TvalsazrisiT. mSobliur enaze arsebuli programebis araefeqturobaze aravin kamaTobs. aRniSnuli programebi ver uzrunvelyofen iseTi kursdamTavrebulis gamoSvebas, romelic integrirebuli iqneba saqarTvelos politikur, ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul cxovrebaSi (saerTaSoriso krizisebis jgufi, 2006, evropis umciresobaTa centri 2003-2010, euTos erovnul umciresobaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisi, 2002-2010). Sesabamisad swored am skolebis reformirebis sakiTxma daayena dRis wesrigSi bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis Semotanis reformis sakiTxi, raTa gaumjobesebuliyo am skolebSi ganaTlebis xarisxi da am skolis kursdamTavrebulTa sazogadoebaSi integraciis maCveneblebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi arsebobs bilingvuri ganaTlebis kidev erTi modeli, romelic saqarTvelosTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. kerZod, saqarTveloSi, funqcionirebs 14 rusulenovani skola da 135 rusulenovani seqtori. am skolebis 93
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges da seqtorebis moswavleTa raodenoba 28260 moswavles Seadgens (24 512 rusul seqtorebSi da 3748 rusulenovan skolebSi). ganaTlebis da mecnierebis saministros 2007 wlis monacemebs Tu daveyrdnobiT rusi erovnebis moswavleTa raodenoba mTels saqarTveloSi mxolod 4732 moswavlea. aRniSnuli statistikiT ki naTelia, rom rusulenovani skolebis an seqtorebis moswavleTa didi nawilisTvis rusuli ena mSobliuri ena ar aris. am skolebis moswavleTa zusti raodenobis gansazRvra, visTvisac rusuli ena mSobliuri ar aris rTulia, radgan xSirad saqarTveloSi eTnikuri da lingvisturi foni erTmaneTs ar emTxveva. magaliTad, eTnikuri somxebis nawilisTvis mSobliuri ena SeiZleba rusuli iyos, radgan mSoblebis rusulenovani ganaTlebis gamo saojaxo ena rusulia. miuxedavad amisa, moswavleTa raodenoba, romlebisTvisac rusuli ena mSobliuri ena ar aris mainc sakmaod maRalia. anu am skolebSi, moswavleTa didi nawilisTvis swavlebis enad gamoiyeneba arc mSobliuri da arc dominanti ena. am models SeiZleba “prestiJul saemigracio” modeli vuwodoT (tabataZe, 2010). am modelSi sami tipis problema ikveTeba: (a) problema, romelic analogiuria submersiuli programebisTvis, anu xSirad moswavleTaTvis swavleba xdeba maTTvis absoluturad ucxo enaze, romlis uaryofiTi Sedegebi kvlevebiT dasturdeba da razec visaubreT submersiuli programebis analizisas; (b) meore tipis problema identuria mSobliuri enis programasTan, es programebi problematuria am programebis kursdamTavrebulTa sazogadoebaSi integraciis TvalsazrisiT, ris Sesaxeb mSobliuri enis programebis analizisas visaubreT; (g) mesame tipis problema, romelzec agreTve saubroben gaxlavT am programebis mizani, romelic, faqtobrivad, gacxadebulia, rom es skolebi amzadeben moswavleebs sxva saxelmwifoSi sacxovreblad arCevanis gareSe. anu am skolis kursdamTavrebulebi ZiriTadad emigrirebulni arian mezobel saxelmwifoebSi, radgan saqarTveloSi maTi integraciis xarisxi da konkurentunarianoba minimaluria. Sesabamisad, es skolebi zrdian kursdamTavrebulebs, romelebic konkurentunarianebi arian sxva saxelmwifoSi da arakonkurentunarianebi saqarTveloSi, rac „tvinebis gadinebis“ erT-erTi xelSemwyobi faqtoricaa. Sesabamisad, mxolod am mesame faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiTac ki arsebul „prestiJul-saemigracio“ modeli gadaxedvas da reformirebas saWiroebs (tabataZe, 2010). bilingvuri ganaTlebis „susti“ programebis efeqturobac kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgas sxvadasxva kvlevebiT. saxelmwifo enisa da mSobliuri enis mxardaWeris programebi qvemo qarTlsa da samcxe-javaxeTSi efeqturad ver imuSavebs, radgan am regionebSi skolis gareT garemo absoluturad araqarTulenovania. Sesabamisad, skolis garda socializaciis sxva agentebi (ojaxi, Temi, eklesia, TanatolTa wre, samezoblo da a.S.) bilingvuri ganaTlebis xelSewyobis faqtorebs ar warmoadgenen. Sesabamisad, am „sust“ programebs kompaqturi gansaxlebis regionebSi pozitiuri Sedegis motana naklebad SeuZliaT. Cveni kvlevis mizani swored kompaqturi gansaxlebis regionebia da Seswavlili 26 skolidan 12 swored saxelmwifo enis mxardaWeris susti programa SearCia (9 skola samcxe-javaxeTSi, 3 skola qvemo qarTlSi). skolebi aRniSnuli programis SerCevisas daefuZnen arsebul sakadro resursebs da arsebuli resursebis pirobebSi maT swored saxelmwifo enis mxardaWeris susti programa dagegmes, rac, zemoT ganxiluli faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Znelad savaraudoa, rom efeqturi aRmoCndes. saqarTvelos konteqstSi sainteresoa „tranzituli“ bilingvuri ganaTlebis programis analizi. Seswavlili 26 skolidan tranzituli modeli 3-ma skolam airCia (samive skola qvemo qarTlSi, arcerTi skola samcxe-javaxeTSi). tranzituli bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebi gulisxmobs, rom swavlebis sawyis etapze moswavleebi sagnebs swavloben mSobliur enaze, raTa ar moxdes maTi akademiuri CamorCena, xolo Semdgom TandaTan gadadian saxelmwifo enaze swavlebis modelze 94
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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi
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ekaterina protasova helsinkis unive
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usuli enis magaliTi saxelmwifo enis
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katri raiki tartus universitetTan a
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zenta anspoka dace dalbina vineta v
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TinaTin kiRuraZe ilias saxelmwifo u
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a. passionate b. Pathetic c. enthus
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Ekaterina Protassova University of
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Dace Dalbina, Vineta Vaivade Latvia
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Plurilingualism and plurilingual co
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REFERENCES saxelmwifo enis swavlebi
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Irine Shubitidze CCIIR, Tbilisi, Ge
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Shalva Tabatadze Ivane Javakhishvil
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Sophie Mujiri Ivane Javakhishvili T
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� Creates opportunities for pract
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Tinatin Kiguradze Ilia State Univer
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