Untitled

saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi:
problemebi da gamowvevebi
Issues of State Language Teaching;
Problems and Challenges
al, 2010, p.116) The Georgian equivalents of the German polysemic verbs are indicated in the tables of the verb
forms. For example the verb ablegen has two corresponding meanings in Georgian: ablegen (Examen) – to pass
exams; ablegen (Kleidung) – to take off (clothes); with the verb ablehnen - we have the following Georgian
forms: refuses (uarq ofs, uars ambobs); abnehmen (Gewicht) – gaxdeba (will lose weight), but abnehmen (Brille)
– ixsnis satvales (take off glasses).
Steffi Jünger-Chotivari uses the term “conjugation type” instead “diathesis” and points out one of the characteristic
features of this classification: the case of the logical subject (i.e. syntactic structure). Most of the 8000
verbs given in the works of D. Melikishvili belong to the I diathesis (5300 verbs are allocated in 34 subgroups),
in the second diathesis there are half of them (2300 verbs in 18 subgroups) and the III diathesis is the smallest
(280 verbs, 14 types).
The verbs of the R-0 structure and changeable syntactic construction (ergative construction) form the I diathesis.
Their subjects change case: Nominative with the Present forms (I series), Ergative with the Aorist group
(II series), Dative with the Perfect group (III series). For example ”is c ers - man dac era - mas dauc eria” he
(nom.) writes - he (erg.) wrote - he (dat.) has written. This type includes such verbs as “vq ef”- I bark, “vfren” - I
fly, “vcxovrob” - I live, “vc er” - I write, and so on.
The verbs of the II diathesis have R+i structure. They have a stabe (nominative) construction, as the subject
always is in the nominative case: vic erebi/vec erebi (I am being written), vidriḳebi (I am bending) and so on.
The verbs of the III diathesis are mostly the verbs of feeling and perception. Their logical subject is always
in dative case and always undergoes some sensation (not having strong will): macvia (I wear), šemiӡlia (I can),
momc ons (I like) and so on.
The following verbs are listed as peculiar (idiosyncratic) verbs: verbs which alter their stems depending on
the series (aris - is, švreba – does, is doing, devs - lies, ambobs - says and others); verbs that alter according person
alterations “pirši monacvle” (tkva – brӡana, mobrӡanda, brӡandeba, miartva, geaxeli), according number
(abia (sing.) - asxia (plur.) – hangs; ugdebs (sing.) – q ris (pl.) - throws, and so on); verbs that have different
stems with animate and inanimate objects; such verbs has mostly got one and the same stem in German causing
difficulties for the foreign learners: haben (akvs - hq avs (has); stellen (dadgams - daaq enebs (stands); nehmen,
mitnehmen (aiγebs - aiq vans (takes), and others. Conjugation of some irregular or special verbs are given in the
book, e. g. icis - uc q yis (knows), miscems (he will give), moakvs (is carrying), mivdivar (I go, I am going),
vkitxulob (I read), mixaria (I am delighted), vaӡlev (I give) and so on.
We think that “The tables of the Georgian verb” published in Germany will become one of the most
important teaching material for the Georgian Language learners. It will be very useful to edit similar reference
aids with indexations of the verbs and tables of conjugations in Georgia.
Schematically, the classification of the Georgian verbs in the discussed textbooks and reference books look
as follows (see schema N2; http://www.kartuli.net/verben.html):
Schema N2: Classification of Georgian Verbs in German Language Textbooks
Kita Tschenkéli Heinz Fähnrich Lia Abuladze
Andreas Ludden
1. transitive verbs
– I conjugation
2. dynamic passives
– II conjugation
with -i marker;
with no marker;
with -d marker;
1. transitive verbs 1. transitive and activ intransitive
verbs
– I type
2. dynamic passives – 2. intransitive and passive
verbs
with -i marker; – II type
with no marker; a. denominative, deri-
with -d marker; vate;
405
Steffi Chotiwari-Jünger
D. Melikishvili
Lia Wittek
1. transitive and instransitive
activ verbs
(subject in Nominativ, Ergative
or Dative cases)
– I diathesis
2. intransitive passive verbs (subject
in Nominative case)
– II diathesis