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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges friadi queyanaჲ aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis da locvaჲ yoveli aResrulebis, xolo „kჳrielჱsoni“ berZnulad iTqumis“ (merCule, 1999, 162). amavdroulad TviT qarTveli, ZiriTadad, ramdenime enas flobda qarTuli enis garda, vidre XIX saukunemde (magaliTisaTvis: poeti, generali aleqsandre WavWavaZe flobda Turqul, sparsul, rusul, frangul enebs). ase rom, saxelmwifo enad qarTuli enis gamoyeneba ar qmnida problemas Cvens qveyanaSi, vidre XIX saukunemde, anu damoukideblobis dakargvamde, roca imperiis asimilatoruli ,,enobrivi politikis wyalobiT“ qveyana Tavisi eTnikuri umciresobis warmomadgenlebTan erTad iZulebuli gaxda ecno mesame enis (rusuli enis) dominanti jer institucionalur, Semdgom ki saganmanaTleblo donezec. es procesi ufro garTulda e.w. ,,sabWour epoqaSi“, rodesac yvela eTnikuri jgufis an erovnebis nebismieri moqalaqisaTvis qarTuli enis Seswavla samenovnebas gulisxmobda (mSobliurisa da rusulis garda). aqac wlobiT grZeldeboda daSvebuli Secdomebis gameoreba-ganmtkiceba: araqarTulenovani pirebi saxldebodnen, iwyebdnen muSaobas, qmnidnen ojaxebs, mravldebodnen da swored ,,enis barieris“ wyalobiT uaxlovdebodnen qarTul samyaros, qarTul yofasa da kulturas. araiSviaTad es procesi iRebda agresiul xasiaTsac. araqarTulenovani mosaxleoba brazs, guliswyromas, sixaruls gamoxatavda ZiriTadad rusul enaze, rac, misi azriT, gasagebi iyo am enis mcodne qarTvelisTvisac. es procesi ki, TavisTavad, qarTul samyarosTan gaucxoebis paralelurad, iwvevda gaucxoebas sakuTar mSobliur enasa da kulturasTan, nebismieri martivi teqsti (afiSa, gancxadeba) qarTul enaze maTTvis iyo ucxo da gaugebari. ,,sabWour epoqaSi“ qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavleba rusulenovan skolaSi mimdinareobda calmxrivad, stiqiurad, ZiriTadad enasTan daqvemdebarebaSi, enis swavlebis SedarebiT Tanmimdevrulobis paralelurad; teqstebisa da, kerZod, mxatvruli teqstebis SerCeva xdeboda naklebad mizanmimarTulad, xSirad usistemod, qarTul zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi mSobliuri literaturis programebis xelovnuri paralelizaciiT. qarTuli teqstis Seswavlis miRma rCeboda misi mxatvruli Tu ideuri Rirebuleba (an piriqiT, ikveTeboda mxolod ideuri), enis, eris tradicia. aRniSnuli procesi SedarebiT sistemur iers iRebs damoukidebeli saqarTvelos araqarTulenovan sajaro skolebSi, gansakuTrebiT am bolo wlebSi, saskolo reformis periodSi. magram aqac igi kvlav ufro xSirad rusuli enisa da literaturis ,,meSveobiT“ midis sxvadasxva erovnebis adamianebamde, saqarTvelos, iq mcxovrebi araqarTulenovani erovnebebis tradiciis, eTnikuri realobis Semecnebis gareSe, rac gansakuTrebiT rTulia saSualoganaTlebamiRebuli sxvadasxva eris adamianTa normaluri cxovrebis, dasaqmebis Tu ubralod, integraciisaTvis. swored XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi (1990-1991 w.w.) goris imdroindeli gamgeblis, omar CubiniZis iniciativiT, goris samusiko saswavleblis direqtorTan, sando kaWaravasTan SeTanxmebiT, gadawyda Camogveyalibebina qarTuli enis Semswavleli wre. aq ukve saxelmwifoebrivi politikidan gamomdinare, cxadi da aucilebeli gaxda qarTul enaze wera-kiTxvis codnis miReba saqarTveloSi mcxovreb da sxvadasxva dawesebulebebSi rusul enaze momuSave pirebisaTvis. amitom gakeTda gancxadeba, romlis Tanaxmadac viwvevdiT samecadinod kviraSi orjer yvela asakisa da profesiis qarTuli enis SeswavliT dainteresebul pirebs. 191
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges Seikriba 20-mde sxvadasxva asakis, profesiis adamiani, maT Soris, erTi ojaxis ramdenime wevri (deda, Svili, SviliSvili), romlebic didi dainteresebiT moekidnen swavlis process. wera-kiTxvis swavlebis paralelurad mimdinareobda saubrebi qarTul kulturaze, saqarTvelos istoriis mniSvnelovan epizodebze, qarTul literaturaze. wera-kiTxvis Seswavlis Semdeg daviwyeT aRweriT da TxrobiT teqstebze muSaoba. gansakuTrebiT Sedegiani iyo aRweriTi tipis teqstebi da andaza-aforizmebi. aq pirvelad dainaxes msmenelebma wlobiT maTTvis sruliad ucnobi eris sibrZne, silamazisa da Sromisadmi damokidebuleba. msgavsi kursebi gaixsna da ori wlis ganmavlobaSi funqcionirebda im droisaTvis gorSi mravalerovani koleqtiviT cnobil bambeulis sawarmoo gaerTianebaSi. ori wlis Semdeg kursebis muSaoba Sewyda qveyanaSi mimdinare politikuri movlenebis gamo. wlebis ganmavlobaSi aRniSnul problemebze, kerZod, bilingvizmis da, saerTod, saganmanaTleblo politikis sakiTxebze fiqrs, msjelobas, ucxouri gamocdilebis gacnoba-gaziarebas mohyva kidec 2008 wlis dekemberSi ,,samoqalaqo integraciisa da erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobis centrisa“ da Tsu humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetis mier organizebuli pirveli samecniero konferencia, romlis masalebSic mkafiod ganisazRvra saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi. ,,enobrivi politika qveynis politikis umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxia. xSir SemTxvevaSi qveynis enobrivi politika pirdapiraa mibmuli qveynis ekonomikur politikasTan da ekonomikuri politikis konteqstidan gamomdinareobs. saqarTvelos realobaSic enobrivi politika erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia qveynis strategiuli ganviTarebisaTvis da, Sesabamisad, kompleqsur da erTian midgomas moiTxovs“, _ naTqvamia erT-erTi moxsenebis SesavalSi (gabunia, 2008, gv. 3). am masalebSi mkveTrad warmoCnda multilingvuri ganaTlebis (romelic saqarTvelos ganaTlebis reformis Semadgenel nawilad iqca) dasawyebad aucilebeli samnawiliani konteqsti: 1. politikuri, 2. sakanonmdeblo, 3. Teoriuli. ganisazRvra multilingvuri ganaTlebis politikis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebic (gansaxleba da demografiuli mdgomareoba, sabWoTa memkvidreoba da sabWoTa kavSiris ngreva, saganmanaTleblo reforma). aqve xazgasmiT aRiniSna, rom, rogorc Cans, qarTulis, rogorc meore enis problemis mosagvareblad ,,ufro strategiuli RonisZiebebia gasatarebeli, raTa eTnikuri umciresobebis moswavleebs mieceT ganaTlebis Tanabari SesaZlebloba umravlesobasTan mimarTebiT“ (gabunia, 2008, gv. 5). am SemTxvevaSi ZiriTad sakiTxad iqca is, rom multilingvuri ganaTleba, an zogierTi sagnis qarTuli enis saSualebiT swavleba iqces am situaciaSi problemis gadawyvetis optimalur gzad. sakanonmdeblo konteqstidan gamomdinare, ,,saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba calsaxad usvams xazs saxelmwifo enis mniSvnelobas saxelmwifo administrirebis sferoebSi da, amasTanave, qmnis garantiebs eTnikuri umciresobebis uflebebis dasacavad, maT Soris mSobliur enaze ganaTlebis miRebis ufleba (gabunia, 2008, gv. 6). aRniSnul konferenciaze gamoikveTa eTnikuri umciresobebis umaRles saswavlebelSi Caricxvis SesaZleblobebis gaumjobesebis gzebidan mniSvnelovanic: ,,qarTulisa da ucxo enis testis damsaxurebaze (Marit) dafuZnebuli sistemis Sesaqmnelad upriani iqneba abiturientebis Caricxva umaRles saswavlebelSi mxolod unarebis testze dayrdnobiT moxdes“ (tabataZe, 2008, gv. 19), xolo Semdgom ki saxelmwifo enis, rogorc meore enis swavlebis ganxorcielebac. 192
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ekaterina protasova helsinkis unive
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usuli enis magaliTi saxelmwifo enis
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katri raiki tartus universitetTan a
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Dace Dalbina, Vineta Vaivade Latvia
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Plurilingualism and plurilingual co
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REFERENCES saxelmwifo enis swavlebi
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Irine Shubitidze CCIIR, Tbilisi, Ge
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Shalva Tabatadze Ivane Javakhishvil
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Sophie Mujiri Ivane Javakhishvili T
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� Creates opportunities for pract
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