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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges irine SubiTiZe samoqalaqo integraciisa da erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis centri, Tbilisi, saqarTvelo Sesavali bilingvuri ganaTleba eTnikuri umciresobebisTvis saqarTveloSi abstraqti statiaSi ganxilulia saxelmwifo enis swavlebis aucilebloba saqarTveloSi da bilingvuri ganaTleba, rogorc erT-erTi saSualeba qarTuli enis Sesaswavlad. sakiTxi aqtualuri gansakuTrebiT ukanasknel wlebSi gaxda, ris Sedegadac daiwyo ramdenime mniSvnelovani proeqtis ganxorcieleba multilingvuri swavlebis kuTxiT saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier. statiaSi warmodgenilia kvleva saqarTveloSi arsebul 40 sapilote skolaSi, sadac xorcieldeba multilingviri ganaTleba. kvlevis mizans warmoadgens bi/multilingvuri programebis ganxorcielebis procesSi arsebuli xelisSemSleli faqtorebis Zieba, romlebic aferxeben programebis efeqtur ganxorcielebas. kvlevis obieqtia SemTxveviTad SerCeuli 23 sapilote araqarTulenovani skola, eqspertuli Sefasebisa da Catarebuli raodenobrivi klvevis Sedegad, gamoikveTa is xelisSemSleli faqtebi da garemoebebi (araqarTuli garemo, pedagogTa dabali kvalifikacia, rogorc saxelmwifo enis codnis TvalsazrisiT aseve bilingvuri swavlebis meTodikis mimarTulebiT, meToduri da saswavlo masalebis simcire da a.S), romlebic mkveTrad aferxeben multilingvuri ganaTlebis process. saqarTvelos mravaleTnikurobidan gamomdinare, mudam iyo komunikaciis saWiroeba erTze met enaze (enobrivi politika da ganaTleba mravalenovan sazogadoebaSi, 2000). asea dResac, dRiTidRe izrdeba moTxovna da saWiroeba meore enis swavlisadmi, rac pirvel rigSi damokidebulia qveynis politikur kursze da moTxovnebze sazogadoebis mimarT. ukanaskneli wlebis saxelmwifo politika saqarTveloSi, sxva mravaleTnikuri qveynis msgavsad mimarTulia umciresobebis warmomadgenlebs Seaswavlos saxelmwifo ena maTi mSobliuri enis, kulturis, tradiciebis SenarCunebisa da ganviTarebis paralelurad. umciresobebis integracia mniSvnelovania imdenad, ramdenadac Tavidan iqnes acilebuli eTnikur niadagze warmoqmnili dapirispirebebi, ris precendentic, Cvenda samwuxarod, gansakuTrebiT bolo periodSi gaxSirda, ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed msoflios uamrav ganviTarebul an ganviTarebad qveynebSi. eTnikur umciresobaTa socializaciis procesi warmatebuli ver iqneba mxolod multilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis ganxorcielebiT, Tumca ganaTleba rom erT-erTi yvelaze prioritetuli da mniSvnelovani mimarTulebaa samoqalaqo integraciisa da saxelmwifo enis codnis donis asamaRleblad amas cxadyofs saxelmwifos mier ukanasknel wlebSi ganxorcielebuli reformebic zogadi da umaRlesi ganaTlebis mimarTulebiT: bilingvuri ganaTleba zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi, ,,saSeRavaTo politika” umaRles saswavleblebSi umciresobebis mosaxvedrad da a.S. (saqarTvelos gaeros asociacia, 2010). 65
saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi Issues of State Language Teaching; Problems and Challenges 2002 wlis monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi (afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikisa da samxreT oseTis yofili avtonomiuri olqis teritoriebis gamoklebiT) umciresobebis xvedriTi wili 16%-s Seadgens. (saqarTvelos pirveli angariSi erovnul umciresobaTa dacvis Sesaxeb, 2007). qarTvelebis Semdeg yvelaze did eTnolingvistur jgufs warmoadgenen azerbaijanelebi (6,5%), romlebic kompaqturad arian dasaxlebulni qvemo qarTlis regionSi, kerZod: marneuli, gardabani, dmanisi, walka, TeTriwyaro, rusTavi da a.S. meore did eTnikur jgufs ganekuTvnebian somxebi (5,7%), isini ZiriTadad samcxe-javaxeTis regionSi saxloben kompaqturad, kerZod, axalqalaqisa da ninowmindis raionebSi, sadac maTi raodenoba aWarbebs 95%-s da axalcixeSi, sadac somxuri mosaxleobis wili 36%-s Seadgens. azerbaijanuli da somxuri dasaxlebebi gvxvdeba TbilisSic sxvadasxva mcire eTnikur jgufTan erTad (simera, 2010). arsebuli demografiuli mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, umciresobebis ganaTleba da ganviTareba qveynis erT-erT mniSvnelovan prioritets warmoadgens mSvidobiani ganviTarebis procesSi. miuxedavad sakiTxis mniSvnelobisa, didi xnis ganmavlobaSi mougvarebel problemad rCeboda maTi ganaTleba, risi SedegicaaDintegraciis dRevandeli dabali maCvenebeli da arsebuli savalalo mdgomareoba rogorc zogadsaganmanaTleblo da umaRles dawesebulebebSi, ise zogadad araqarTulenovan TemSi. araqarTulenovan mosaxleobaSi saxelmwifo enis codnis dabali done, enis arcodniT gamowveuli informaciuli vakuumi, samoqalaqo izolacia da erTian saxelmwifoebriv sivrceSi CarTulobis dabali xarisxi gansakuTrebiT TvalSi sacemia araqarTulenovani mosaxleobiT kompaqturad dasaxlebul regionebSi, sadac gansakuTrebiT dabalia interesic da saWiroebac qarTuli enis swavlisadmi. arsebuli savalalo mdgomareoba da enis arcodniT gamowveuli gaucxoeba seriozul safrTxes warmoadgens rogorc erovnuli umciresobebis, ise umravlesobis warmomadgenelTaTvis mSvidobiani ganviTarebis gzaze (Cimera publication 2006).Aswored am problemebisa da gaucxoebis Semsubuqebas emsaxureba ukanasknel wlebSi saxelmwifos mxridan araqarTulenovani mosaxleobis ganaTlebasa da integraciis xelSewyobisken mimarTuli dagegmili da ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebi. maT Soris erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovania bi/multilingvuri ganaTlebis danergva, romelic 2009 wlidan xorcieldeba etapobrivad mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT SerCeul 40 araqarTulenovan skolaSi (saqarTvelos gaeros asociacia, 2010). swored aRniSnul skolebSi mimdinare multilingvuri ganaTlebis pilotirebis procesSi arsebuli xelisSemSleli da Semaferxebeli faqtorebisa da maTi gadaWris gzebis Zieba warmoadgens Cveni kvlevis mizans. Bbilingvuri ganaTleba gulisxmobs akademiuri sagnebis swavlebas mSobliur da meore enaze paralelurad. bilingvuri ganaTleba ar aris izolirebuli procesi da warmoadgens rogorc zogadi ganaTlebis, aseve socialur-ekonomikuri da kulturuli politikis nawils. rogorc polstini (1992) aRniSnavs, ,,Tuki bilingvur ganaTlebaze socialuri, istoriuli, kulturuli, ekonomikuri da politikuri faqtorebis zegavlena ar iqneba Seswavlili verafriT gaviziarebT am tipis ganaTlebis Sedegebs~ (beikeri 2010). swored amitom, mniSvnelovania, Seswavlil iqnes im faqtorebis zegavlena, romlebic gansazRvraven bilingvuri ganaTlebis efeqturobas. Tu moxdeba bilingvuri ganaTlebisa da programebis moswavleebis individualur saWiroebebze morgeba, sadac gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba asaki, garemo, socialuri statusi, erisa da kulturis Tavisebureba, bavSvis fizikuri da gonebrivi SesaZlebloba, bilingvuri ganaTleba mxolod pozitiur Sedegebs moutans skolebs (beikeri, 2010). 66
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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi
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ekaterina protasova helsinkis unive
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usuli enis magaliTi saxelmwifo enis
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TinaTin kiRuraZe ilias saxelmwifo u
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a. passionate b. Pathetic c. enthus
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Ekaterina Protassova University of
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Dace Dalbina, Vineta Vaivade Latvia
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Plurilingualism and plurilingual co
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REFERENCES saxelmwifo enis swavlebi
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Irine Shubitidze CCIIR, Tbilisi, Ge
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Shalva Tabatadze Ivane Javakhishvil
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� Creates opportunities for pract
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Tinatin Kiguradze Ilia State Univer
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