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saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi:
problemebi da gamowvevebi
Issues of State Language Teaching;
Problems and Challenges
nebismier enas zmnur formaTa dajgufebis Tavisi principebi aqvs. miuxedavad
imisa, rom qarTuli da inglisuri sxvadasxva ojaxis enebia, am enaTa zmnur
formaTa dajgufebisas erTgvari tipologiuri msgavseba gvxvdeba. kerZod,
mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs is garemoeba, rom orsave enaSi fuZiseul xmovanmonacvleobas
zmnur formaTa dajgufebisas gabatonebuli mdgomareoba unda hqonoda am enaTa
ganviTarebis adreul safexurze.
kerZod, Cven mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs fuZiseuli xmovnis ablauturi monacvleoba.
ablauti qarTulSi, msgavsad indo-evropuli enebisa, morfonologiuri
funqciis mqonea, igi gamoyenebulia sxvadasxva morfologiuri kategoriis
sawarmoeblad, e. i. aseTi xmovanTmonacvleoba funqciurad afiqsebs utoldeba.
amdenad, ablautis sxvadasxva safexuri SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc garkveul
morfologiur kategoriaTa sawarmoeblad gamoyenebuli damatebiTi morfemebi
ZiriTad morfemebTan (afiqsebTan) erTad (gamyreliZe, maWavariani, 1965, 175-179).
dReisaTvis qarTuli zmnis uRleba faqtobrivad awmyo-wyvetilis TemaTa
warmoebis or wess eqvemdebareba: 1. afiqsurs (kerZod, sufiqsurs). awmyosa da masze
damyarebul formebs awarmoeben Tematuri sufiqsebi: -i, -av, -am, -eb, -ob; 2. fuZis
xmovnis funqcionalur monacvleobas - ablauts (awmyos fuZeSi - e, airistSi - i; an
awmyos fuZeSi - 0, aoristSi - a an e). pirveli sistema gabatonebulia da zmnaTa
absolutur umravlesobas moicavs, meore ki, istoriulad gavrcelebuli, dRes
iSviaTia. Tanamedrove qarTulSi aSkaraa tendencia „zmnis uRlebis sistemaSi
odesRac farTod gavrcelebuli ablauturi xmovanTmonacvleobis naSTebis
gadaSenebisa da TemaTa gansxvavebis erTian, afiqsur sistemaze gadasvlisa“
(meliqiSvili, 1979, 84).
Tanamedrove qarTulSi afiqsuri warmoebis magaliTisaTvis SegviZlia
nebismieri Tematuri fuZe davasaxeloT, mag.: xat-av-s / daxat-a, xolo ablauturi
warmoebisaTvis - e. w. drekadi, e - i monacvleobis drek-s / drik-a da kumSvadi 0 - a
/ e monacvleobis Tl-i-s / (ga)Tal-a, v-Wr-i / (ga)-v-Wer-i fuZeebi.
msgavsi tendencia gvaqvs inglisurSic. kerZod, Tanamedrove inglisuri zmna
ZiriTadad ori gramatikuli jgufiT warmodgeba. erTi, romelic afiqsaciiT
iwarmoeba, da meore, romelic warmoebis didi mravalferovnebiT xasiaTdeba.
pirvels, regularul (wesier) zmnebs istoriulad sust zmnebs uwodeben, es
zmnebi namyos da namyo drois mimReobas -ed sufiqsiT awarmoeben: to paint - xatva,
paint-ed - (man) daxata, paint-ed - daxatuli.
araregularul (arawesier) zmnebs istoriulad Zlier zmnebs uwodeben,
formacvalebis dros eseni ar misdeven zemoaRniSnul afiqsur wess da warmoebis
mravalferovnebiT xasiaTdebian. or aseulamde araregularul zmnas asaxeleben,
romelTac Semdegnairad ajgufeben:
1. araregularuli zmnebi, romelTac sami mTavari formidan (sawyisi forma -
infinitivi, namyo da namyos mimReoba) samive sxvadasxva aqvT: speak - spoke ¬-
spoken - laparaki.
2. araregularuli zmnebi, romelTac zemoaRniSnuli sami mTavari formidan
ori identuria. am SemTxvevaSi sam qvejgufs gamoyofen: a) namyo da namyos
mimReoba identuria, xolo infinitivi ki gansxvavebuli: bring - brought - brought
- motana, b) infinitivi da namyos mimReoba identuria, xolo namyo
gansxvavebuli: come - came - come - mosvla, g) infinitivisa da namyos formebi
identuria, namyos mimReoba ki gansxvavebuli: beat - beat - beaten - cema.
3. araregularuli zmnebi, romelTa zemoaRniSnuli samive forma identuria:
put - put - put - dadeba.
zmnaTa didi umravlesoba inglisurSi regularuli warmoebis afiqsur wess
mihyveba (goqsaZe, mamacaSvili, gigineiSvili, 1992, 89-91).
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