Примењена лингвистика у част Ранку Бугарском - Језик у

JEZIK U UPOTREBI / LANGUAGE IN USE
Of the three patterns, the most frequent one was the first (different, same, same,
same), with the second (different, different, same, same) much less frequent, and
the third (different, different, same, different) somewhat less frequent than the
second. We should keep in mind, however, that these are relative (not absolute)
frequencies. They merely apply to the expression of the time is money metaphor
in English in relation to Hungarian. Other conceptual metaphors in relation to
other languages may yield very different frequencies in patterns of expression.
The main point is that different languages may apply different patterns of
solutions to the expression of the same conceptual metaphor. This finding may
have some implications for the teaching/learning of metaphors and metaphorbased
idioms in foreign languages. Similar but sufficiently large-scale studies
may reveal which patterns are favored or less favored in the expression of figurative
meaning in relation to other languages and other conceptual metaphors.
If couched in the appropriate methodological and applied linguistic framework,
such findings may again facilitate the teaching/learning of metaphor-based language.
4. How and to what degree do the cultural-ideological backgrounds
underlying particular languages play a role in the expression of
idiomatic meanings?
In many cases, the same conceptual metaphor can be found in two or more languages
(for an example, see the section above) and the same conceptual metaphor
may be expressed by means of words or phrases that have the same literal
meaning (see also above). A good case in point is another well-known conceptual
metaphor: love is a journey (Lakoff and Johnson 1980).
The same students who translated into Hungarian the linguistic examples
of the time is money conceptual metaphor also translated the linguistic examples
of love is a journey, as given by Lakoff and Johnson. In the majority of cases the
American English examples were easily and straightforwardly translatable into
Hungarian, thus proving that the love is a journey conceptual metaphor and its
linguistic examples are familiar to native speakers of Hungarian.
At the same time, however, the finer details of translation pointed to interesting
potential differences between American English and its cultural context
and Hungarian and its cultural context. Let us look at some of these. (A more
detailed treatment of such cases can be found in Kövecses 2002, 2005)
In several examples, we find that the American English sentences preferentially
foreground active participants and deliberate actions in a love relationship,
whereas the corresponding Hungarian sentences preferentially foreground
the more passive elements of a relationship. Consider the two examples below:
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