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2. Soyfoods industry directory: Names <strong>and</strong> addresses <strong>of</strong><br />

over 850 <strong>soy</strong>foods manufacturers in the Western world, plus<br />

major <strong>soy</strong><strong>milk</strong>, miso, shoyu, <strong>and</strong> yuba manufacturers in East<br />

Asia. 3. Analysis <strong>of</strong> the <strong>soy</strong>foods industry in the U.S.<br />

4. Trends in U.S. <strong>and</strong> world <strong>soy</strong>bean production: Graph<br />

<strong>of</strong> world <strong>soy</strong>bean production (1922-1979) including graphs<br />

for the world total, USA, Asia total, <strong>and</strong> Latin America.<br />

Graph <strong>of</strong> U.S. <strong>soy</strong>bean production, yields, <strong>and</strong> exports<br />

(1924-1979).<br />

5. Analysis <strong>of</strong> the t<strong>of</strong>u industry in the West: The U.S.<br />

t<strong>of</strong>u market: overview <strong>and</strong> outlook. Graph <strong>of</strong> the number <strong>of</strong><br />

t<strong>of</strong>u (<strong>and</strong> tempeh) manufacturers in the West from 1975 to<br />

1982. Four-year analysis <strong>of</strong> the t<strong>of</strong>u industry in the West.<br />

Listing <strong>of</strong> North America’s largest t<strong>of</strong>u manufacturers <strong>and</strong><br />

their weekly t<strong>of</strong>u output. Japan’s largest t<strong>of</strong>u manufacturers<br />

<strong>and</strong> their daily output. Favorite t<strong>of</strong>u, <strong>soy</strong><strong>milk</strong>, <strong>and</strong> tempeh<br />

recipes as served at U.S. <strong>soy</strong>foods, delis, cafes, <strong>and</strong><br />

restaurants, or marketed as ready-to-serve products. Books<br />

on t<strong>of</strong>u published in America.<br />

6. Analysis <strong>of</strong> the tempeh industry in the West: Graph <strong>of</strong><br />

number <strong>of</strong> tempeh manufacturers. Recipes. Listing <strong>of</strong> North<br />

America’s largest tempeh manufacturers <strong>and</strong> their weekly<br />

output.<br />

7. Analysis <strong>of</strong> the worldwide <strong>soy</strong><strong>milk</strong> industry: Analysis<br />

<strong>of</strong> the <strong>soy</strong><strong>milk</strong> industry in the United States. Analysis <strong>of</strong><br />

the <strong>soy</strong><strong>milk</strong> industry in Japan. Major Japanese <strong>soy</strong><strong>milk</strong><br />

companies <strong>and</strong> their products.<br />

8. Analysis <strong>of</strong> the <strong>soy</strong> sauce / shoyu <strong>and</strong> miso industries<br />

worldwide. Statistics on fermented <strong>soy</strong>foods in East Asia.<br />

The <strong>soy</strong> sauce market in the United States (1981). U.S.<br />

imports <strong>of</strong> <strong>soy</strong> sauce. Graph (1947-1981. Source: U.S.<br />

General Imports, Schedule A. Commodity by Country. U.S.<br />

Dept. <strong>of</strong> Commerce, Bureau <strong>of</strong> Census). U.S. imports <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>soy</strong> sauce. Table (1947-1981. Source: U.S. General Imports,<br />

etc. See above). The shoyu / <strong>soy</strong> sauce market in Japan.<br />

Graph. (1886-1980. Includes: Number <strong>of</strong> manufacturers. Per<br />

capita consumption. Shoyu production. Kikkoman’s market<br />

share (%)). The miso market in Japan. Graph. (1930-1980.<br />

Includes: Per capita consumption. Total miso production.<br />

Factory production. Number <strong>of</strong> manufacturers. Home<br />

production. Amount <strong>of</strong> <strong>soy</strong>beans used). Overview <strong>of</strong> the<br />

miso market in the United States. Miso exports from Japan<br />

(1981). Japan’s ten largest miso manufacturers <strong>and</strong> their<br />

output.<br />

9. Other: Analysis <strong>of</strong> the <strong>soy</strong>nuts industry in the U.S.<br />

North America’s larger <strong>soy</strong>foods delis, cafes & restaurants.<br />

The <strong>soy</strong>bean crushing industry; overview.<br />

10. Soyfoods terminology <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ards (Glossary <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>soy</strong>foods terms): I. Traditional nonfermented <strong>soy</strong>foods: Fresh<br />

green <strong>soy</strong>beans, okara, roasted <strong>soy</strong> fl our (<strong>soy</strong> c<strong>of</strong>fee, <strong>soy</strong><br />

chocolate), <strong>soy</strong>beans, <strong>soy</strong><strong>milk</strong> (<strong>soy</strong><strong>milk</strong> ice cream, <strong>soy</strong><strong>milk</strong><br />

s<strong>of</strong>t serve, frozen <strong>soy</strong><strong>milk</strong> <strong>yogurt</strong>, <strong>soy</strong><strong>milk</strong> mayonnaise,<br />

<strong>soy</strong> shakes, <strong>soy</strong> nog, <strong>soy</strong><strong>milk</strong> whipped cream), <strong>soy</strong>nuts, <strong>soy</strong><br />

sprouts, t<strong>of</strong>u (regular t<strong>of</strong>u, deep-fried t<strong>of</strong>u {deep-fried t<strong>of</strong>u<br />

HISTORY OF SOY YOGURT & CULTURED SOYMILK 193<br />

© Copyright Soyinfo <strong>Center</strong> 2012<br />

cutlets called nama-age or atsu-age in Japan, deep-fried<br />

t<strong>of</strong>u burgers or burger balls, called ganmodoki or hiryozu<br />

in Japan, deep fried t<strong>of</strong>u pouches (called aburage in Japan;<br />

the words “deep-fried” may be dropped from the names<br />

after the initial usage, <strong>and</strong> in recipes or on package labels,<br />

if desired}), silken t<strong>of</strong>u {made without separation <strong>of</strong> curds<br />

<strong>and</strong> whey, called kinugoshi in Japan; modern types, all made<br />

with glucono delta-lactone as coagulant, <strong>and</strong> all known in<br />

Japanese as juten-d<strong>of</strong>u, are packaged lactone silken t<strong>of</strong>u,<br />

bagged lactone silken t<strong>of</strong>u (fukuro-d<strong>of</strong>u), sealed lactone<br />

silken t<strong>of</strong>u (buro-d<strong>of</strong>u), <strong>and</strong> Ever-Fresh Lactone Silken T<strong>of</strong>u<br />

(in Tetra-Pak}), grilled t<strong>of</strong>u, frozen <strong>and</strong> dried-frozen t<strong>of</strong>u.<br />

(Note 1. It is illegal to describe the latter product as “freezedried<br />

t<strong>of</strong>u,” since freeze-drying is a completely different<br />

process), terms associated with making t<strong>of</strong>u {fresh <strong>soy</strong><br />

puree, a coagulant or curding agent, forming box, fi lter bag<br />

or pressing sack, t<strong>of</strong>u comes in cakes, not blocks}), whole<br />

<strong>soy</strong> fl our, fl akes <strong>and</strong> grits, yuba.<br />

II. Traditional fermented <strong>soy</strong>foods: Fermented <strong>soy</strong><strong>milk</strong><br />

products (<strong>soy</strong><strong>milk</strong> <strong>yogurt</strong> {Soy Yogurt, So<strong>yogurt</strong>, Soygurt},<br />

<strong>acidophilus</strong> <strong>soy</strong><strong>milk</strong>, <strong>soy</strong><strong>milk</strong> kefi r, viili, piima, butter<strong>milk</strong><br />

{Soy Kefi r, etc.}), fermented t<strong>of</strong>u (wine-fermented t<strong>of</strong>u,<br />

brine-fermented t<strong>of</strong>u), miso (rice miso, barley miso,<br />

<strong>soy</strong>bean miso, Chinese <strong>soy</strong>bean chiang), natto (thua-nao<br />

from Thail<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> kinema from Nepal; all are non-salted),<br />

fermented black <strong>soy</strong>beans [fermented black <strong>soy</strong>beans]<br />

(Chinese fermented black <strong>soy</strong>beans know as shih, tou-ch’ih,<br />

tou-shih, or dow-si; savory fermented black <strong>soy</strong>beans called<br />

Hamanatto in Japan, Daitokuji fermented black <strong>soy</strong>beans<br />

called Daitokuji natto in Japan, Philippine fermented black<br />

<strong>soy</strong>beans called tausi or tao-si in the Philippines, Indonesian<br />

<strong>soy</strong> nugget paste called tauco, formerly spelled tao-tjo,<br />

Malaysian <strong>soy</strong> nugget sauce called tao-si), <strong>soy</strong> sauce (shoyu.<br />

The fi ve basic types <strong>of</strong> Japanese shoyu are: regular shoyu<br />

called koikuchi shoyu in Japanese, light-colored shoyu called<br />

usukuchi shoyu, tamari shoyu, clear shoyu called shiro<br />

shoyu, <strong>and</strong> rich shoyu called saishikomi shoyu), tempeh,<br />

<strong>other</strong> fermented <strong>soy</strong>foods.<br />

Note 2. This is the earliest document seen (Sept. 2012)<br />

that uses the word “Soygurt” to refer to <strong>soy</strong> <strong>yogurt</strong>.<br />

III. Soy oil <strong>and</strong> modern <strong>soy</strong> protein foods: <strong>soy</strong> oil,<br />

defatted <strong>soy</strong> fl our, fl akes <strong>and</strong> grits, <strong>soy</strong> protein concentrate,<br />

<strong>soy</strong> protein isolate, textured <strong>soy</strong> protein products (TSP, TVP<br />

is a registered trademark <strong>of</strong> the Archer Daniels Midl<strong>and</strong><br />

Company <strong>and</strong> cannot be used as a generic name for this<br />

product), meat analogs (foods typically made from spun <strong>soy</strong><br />

protein fi bers to resemble meat, fi sh, or poultry products).<br />

11. Names <strong>of</strong> <strong>soy</strong>foods around the world: Names <strong>of</strong><br />

40 products. Brazilian / Portuguese names. British English<br />

names. Chinese names (fermented t<strong>of</strong>u is Toufu-ju or Sufu).<br />

French names, German names. Japanese names. Spanish<br />

names.<br />

12. Key institutions working with <strong>soy</strong>foods in the<br />

West: The Soyfoods <strong>Center</strong>, Soyfoods Association <strong>of</strong> North

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