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cappuccino fl avors. Some are in refrigerated Pure-Pak<br />

cartons <strong>and</strong> <strong>other</strong> in aseptic cartons. (3) Two aseptic packs <strong>of</strong><br />

Enriched Vita<strong>soy</strong> in original <strong>and</strong> vanilla fl avors. (4) T<strong>of</strong>utti<br />

Pan Crust Pizza Pizzaz, a pizza product made with <strong>soy</strong><br />

cheese. Address: Freelance writer living in the Midwest.<br />

1165. Calhoun, Pat. 1998. New developments at White Wave<br />

(Interview). SoyaScan Notes. Dec. 31. Conducted by William<br />

Shurtleff <strong>of</strong> Soyfoods <strong>Center</strong>.<br />

• Summary: White Wave’s capacity is always being pushed<br />

to the max nowadays. Baked T<strong>of</strong>u has really taken <strong>of</strong>f in<br />

popularity, <strong>and</strong> the company is also doing more with seitan;<br />

they will soon have a line <strong>of</strong> dinners containing seitan.<br />

White Wave still makes basic tempeh but they have<br />

decided to discontinue their line <strong>of</strong> tempeh burgers, including<br />

their popular Lemon Broil Tempeh (introduced Oct. 1986),<br />

Veggie Life Burger (May 1993), <strong>and</strong> Chicken <strong>and</strong> Prime<br />

Burgers (Oct. 1995). They have to focus on their strongest<br />

products <strong>and</strong> make best use <strong>of</strong> their production capacity.<br />

Pat is already looking for a new building, but they<br />

probably won’t need it for an<strong>other</strong> two years. Major issues<br />

are: Will it be in Boulder or not. Water quality <strong>and</strong> disposal.<br />

Jonathan Gordon <strong>of</strong> Engl<strong>and</strong> left the company after<br />

basically promising to stay. White Wave helped him prepare<br />

his papers so he could get a Green Card. Address: Chief<br />

Financial Offi cer, White Wave Inc., 1990 North 57th Court,<br />

Boulder, Colorado 80301.<br />

1166. Lathia, D.; Krechten, S. 1998. Miscellaneous–Potential<br />

nutritional <strong>and</strong> health benefi ts <strong>of</strong> newly developed fermented<br />

<strong>soy</strong> <strong>milk</strong> desserts (Abstract). American J. <strong>of</strong> Clinical<br />

Nutrition 68(6S):1542S. Dec. Supplement.<br />

• Summary: Table I shows the nutrient content <strong>of</strong> two<br />

fermented <strong>soy</strong> <strong>milk</strong> desserts made by incubating <strong>soy</strong> <strong>milk</strong><br />

with <strong>yogurt</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>other</strong> cultures. Dried apple <strong>and</strong> <strong>other</strong> dry<br />

fruits were added to Dessert I whereas fresh blueberries were<br />

added to Dessert II. Conclusion: These newly developed <strong>soy</strong><br />

<strong>milk</strong> products have high nutritional <strong>and</strong> therapeutic values.<br />

Address: Faculty <strong>of</strong> Nutrition, FH Niederrhein, Richard-<br />

Wagner-Str. 101, 41605 Mönchengladbach, Germany.<br />

1167. IDRC (International Development Research <strong>Center</strong>).<br />

1998. An effort to promote the production <strong>and</strong> consumption<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>soy</strong>beans as a means <strong>of</strong> improving nutrition in Nigeria<br />

(Web article). http://www.solutions -site.org /cat11_sol101.<br />

htm.<br />

• Summary: “Summary: An International Development<br />

Research Centre (IDRC) program to encourage <strong>soy</strong>bean<br />

cultivation <strong>and</strong> integrate <strong>soy</strong>bean products into traditional<br />

food <strong>and</strong> commodity production is helping to alleviate<br />

malnutrition.”<br />

“Background: In 1987, the International Institute <strong>of</strong><br />

Tropical Agriculture (IITA), under the guidance <strong>of</strong> Principal<br />

Researcher Dr. Kenton Dashiell, launched an ambitious<br />

HISTORY OF SOY YOGURT & CULTURED SOYMILK 447<br />

© Copyright Soyinfo <strong>Center</strong> 2012<br />

effort in Nigeria to combat widespread malnutrition. With<br />

support from the International Development Research<br />

Centre, IITA embarked on a project to encourage using<br />

nutritious, economical <strong>soy</strong>beans in everyday food. Soybeans<br />

are about 40% protein–more protein-rich than any <strong>of</strong> the<br />

common vegetable or animal food sources found in Africa.<br />

With the addition <strong>of</strong> maize, sorghum, wheat, rice, or any<br />

<strong>other</strong> cereal to <strong>soy</strong>beans, the resulting protein meets the<br />

st<strong>and</strong>ards <strong>of</strong> the United Nations Food <strong>and</strong> Agriculture<br />

Organization (FAO). Soybeans also contain about 20% oil,<br />

which is 85% unsaturated <strong>and</strong> cholesterol free.<br />

“Few Nigerians knew about <strong>soy</strong>beans until the<br />

IITA initiative provided information on everything from<br />

their nutritional benefi ts to how to plant, harvest, store,<br />

<strong>and</strong> prepare them. Since then, <strong>soy</strong>bean production <strong>and</strong><br />

consumption has increased dramatically, improving nutrition<br />

particularly among the urban poor <strong>and</strong> middle income<br />

groups. Soybean-fortifi ed products not only have more<br />

protein <strong>and</strong> minerals than their non-fortifi ed counterparts,<br />

they are considerably cheaper than <strong>other</strong> sources <strong>of</strong> highquality<br />

protein such as fi sh, meat, <strong>milk</strong>, <strong>and</strong> <strong>other</strong> proteinrich<br />

legumes. The cost <strong>of</strong> protein, when purchased as<br />

<strong>soy</strong>bean, is only about 10-20% <strong>of</strong> the cost <strong>of</strong> protein from<br />

fi sh, meat, eggs, or <strong>milk</strong>. Many Nigerians now incorporate<br />

<strong>soy</strong>beans into their diets, <strong>and</strong> the Nigerian government<br />

has declared <strong>soy</strong>bean production <strong>and</strong> utilization a national<br />

priority.”<br />

“Impact: Production increased–Soybean production in<br />

Nigeria increased from about 28 tonnes (metric tons) in 1985<br />

to about 200,000 tonnes in 1995. The 1995 crop was worth<br />

an estimated US $60 million, saving Nigerians an equivalent<br />

amount <strong>of</strong> foreign exchange in just one year <strong>of</strong> this project.<br />

Since then, <strong>soy</strong>bean production <strong>and</strong> consumption have<br />

continued to increase.<br />

“Number <strong>of</strong> <strong>soy</strong>bean farmers increased–The number <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>soy</strong>bean farmers in Nigeria has increased tenfold to about<br />

500,000. All the <strong>soy</strong>beans they produce are being used<br />

domestically. The price <strong>of</strong> <strong>soy</strong>beans has also increased,<br />

improving incomes for growers.<br />

“Training increased–As a direct result <strong>of</strong> the IDRC<br />

project, more than 47,000 Nigerians (30 000 <strong>of</strong> them<br />

women) have been trained in producing <strong>soy</strong>beans <strong>and</strong> how to<br />

incorporate them into their diets. They have, in turn, trained<br />

<strong>other</strong>s. Some reasons given by individuals for incorporating<br />

<strong>soy</strong>bean into their diet are that it is nutritious, versatile, tastes<br />

nice, <strong>and</strong> is a good substitute for expensive protein.<br />

“New equipment developed–This project has led to<br />

developing <strong>soy</strong>bean processing equipment, which has since<br />

been adopted for both home <strong>and</strong> commercial use.<br />

“Industry increasing–The number <strong>of</strong> <strong>soy</strong>bean-processing<br />

industries in Nigeria has increased from less than fi ve to<br />

more than 65, including small-scale businesses <strong>and</strong> larger<br />

enterprises. Several large industries, including Nestle Foods<br />

<strong>and</strong> Cadbury, have incorporated <strong>soy</strong>beans into some <strong>of</strong> their

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